Open Government Data Implementation Evaluation
Abstract
This paper analyses the implementation of the Open Government Data strategy and portal of the City of Vienna. This evaluation is based on qualitative interviews and online polls after the strategy was implemented. Two groups of users were involved in the evaluation: internal target groups (employees and heads of department in the City of Vienna's public administration departments) and external stakeholders (citizens, business representatives, science and research, journalists). Analyzed aspects included the present organizational processes, the benefits (to business and society), and requirements for future Open Government Data initiatives. This evaluation reveals success factors which accompanied the implementation: the clear definition of responsibilities and the implementation along a process model, the integration of the Open Government Data platform into existing Content Management Systems, the evaluation of the Open Government Data initiative very shortly after its inception. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings, recommendations for future Open Government Data strategies are made which target the local authority and would require action on the federal level such as Creative Commons Attribution License as the default for subsidy funds or public relation measures carried out directly by the data providing departments.
... The implementation of open government data brings benefits in the organizational, social, and economic spheres (Parycek et al., 2014). Managing information and making data available quickly results in several benefits. ...
... Managing information and making data available quickly results in several benefits. Thus, some of the public administration benefits are a better image, more data for choosing the government representative, and can contribute towards economic growth through the emergence of new forms of business (Parycek et al., 2014). Data can contribute to making the public more aware of government work (Lee & Kwak, 2012) by enabling citizens to co-create and control government (Kornberger, Meyer, Brandtner, & Höllerer, 2017). ...
This research proposes a holistic and integrative theoretical model to discuss the effects of eight predictors of citizens’ attitudes towards open government and Government 2.0, and whether these attitudes influence their intention to use open government data in Brazil, one of the founding countries of the Open Government Partnership (OGP). Findings show the effects of six predictors of citizens’ attitudes towards open government and
government 2.0. In essence, these predictors are ease of use, usefulness, intrinsic motivation, political satisfaction, government trust, and intensity of internet use. This study also indicates that education, income, and region influence the ease of use and usefulness of open data. These findings also mean that public managers and political
parties still have “homework’ to do to stimulate citizens’ behavior towards open government and government 2.0. These initiatives encompass the government portals quality and data transparency improvement through less restrictive laws. Also, improve politicians’ job performance.
... Moreover, government participation plays a key role and helps overcome obstacles in the implementation of OGD. e data developer starts to develop data products and services by acquiring data [25]. en, the data consumers or employees consume the related products and services and give feedback on their consumption experience [11,28]. e consumer and developer of data are a collection of organizations such as related companies, universities, media, and social groups [29], which are the main developers of data products and services. ...
The Chinese Government and Statistics Departments have collected huge amounts of data. They use these government open data to conduct applied research and technological studies, including the establishment of a market-based system for data elements. These data are put into e-government to build the construction of digital government and improve the level of government services continuously. This paper uses the perspective of the configurations to discuss the combinations of factors in the marketization of open data of local governments in China with fsQCA method; this paper is based on the TOE framework, and the indices of the data layer of the government open data forest in 16 provinces are taken as the research object. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the market-oriented utilization paths of local government open data are categorized as technology-led, management-resource-led, economic and technology-driven, and location-advantaged. (2) Under certain conditions, when the number of data developers is small, and there is no dedicated government data management agency, optimizing and improving the government open data platform could be an alternative path to promote the effective use of local government open data in the market.
... Among these advantages: innovation, to create new businesses and new business models (metadata). This survey showed a 5% increase in sales when using open data (Parycek et al., 2014). Table 2 summarizes some of the main benefits expressed by city representatives of external stakeholders from other ministries for the following research question: What benefits (internal, economic, social) does the implementation of the O.D. strategy offer? ...
Data is becoming a powerful tool for both businesses and governments. Data can be public, open, government, and even linked. In several countries, including the United States, England, and France, open data has made it possible to open digitized public data explicitly to the general public. These data help strengthen relations between governments, businesses and citizens through greater transparency and the possibility of using them in several areas, including digital governance.
The purpose of this work is to study open data influence on digital governance across four dimensions applied to some case studies related to several activity sectors, all to enhance its use.
... In addition, the participation and collaboration pillars of open government can improve government performance (Parycek et al., 2014). Importantly, these two pillars of open government can be understood from the perspective of collaborative governance and collaborative public management (Emerson et al., 2012). ...
Over the past decade, scholars have paid attention to the importance of open government, which aims to make public administration more transparent, democratic, and effective by using information and communication technologies. However, there is a lack of empirical research that examines the effects of open government. Therefore, this study intends to rigorously test the democratic and administrative effects of open government, focusing on a global initiative known as the Open Government Partnership (OGP). Specifically, this study examines whether OGP adoption in national governments has reduced government corruption and improved government effectiveness across countries. For this purpose, this study collected longitudinal data from the Center for Systemic Peace, the United Nations, and the World Bank. Then, it employed a panel data analysis based on a fixed effects model. As a result, there was no direct effect of OGP adoption on government corruption and government effectiveness, respectively. However, legal and economic factors were likely to moderate the effects of OGP adoption on curbing government corruption and enhancing government effectiveness. This study can make a theoretical and practical contribution to open government, e-government, and collaborative governance.
Keywords: Open government; Open Government Partnership; e-government; information and communication technology; corruption
Open government data (OGD) has become a trend in recent years. Previous research on OGD has investigated two main areas—supply and demand. However, little is known about how OGD supply is linked to OGD demand. This study is an early attempt to determine the mechanisms that explain how OGD transforms and impacts supply and demand. It also aims to determine the essential pre-conditions driving OGD development. Secondary data from 115 countries were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that OGD as a strategic asset does not directly impact a country’s development; instead, OGD requires government capability (GC) to unleash its values. GC fully mediates the relationship between OGD and its impacts. In order to achieve OGD, information and communications technology infrastructure (ICTI) should be well designed and developed and there should be a high level of data security (DS).
Data is becoming a powerful tool for both businesses and governments. Data can be public, open, government, and even linked. In several countries, including the United States, England, and France, open data has made it possible to open digitized public data explicitly to the general public. These data help strengthen relations between governments, businesses and citizens through greater transparency and the possibility of using them in several areas, including digital governance. The purpose of this work is to study open data influence on digital governance across four dimensions applied to some case studies related to several activity sectors, all to enhance its use.
Nowadays, governments often share their data with the citizens through diverse digital platforms. This sharing of data, which has no restrictions or costs, has been called open government data. The increased use of this kind of data poses several challenges, such as the quality of the provided data. It becomes necessary to evaluate factors like the reliability, integrity, and accuracy of data and apply guidelines and metrics to ensure its quality for the intended use. This way, it is no longer sufficient to make data available, as having guidelines to evaluate its quality for other public agencies and citizens becomes a necessity. This article presents the realization of a systematic literature review to research existing proposals focused on evaluating open government data quality at a municipal level. As a result of this review, 56 articles have been identified. These are presented based on 3 posed research questions.
With the commencement of new technologies like IoT and the Cloud, the sources of data generation have increased exponentially. The use and processing of this generated data have motivated and given birth to many other domains. The concept of a smart city has also evolved from making use of this data in decision-making in the various aspects of daily life and also improvement in the traditional systems. In smart cities, various technologies work collaboratively; they include devices used for data collection, processing, storing, retrieval, analysis, and decision making. Big data storage, retrieval, and analysis play a vital role in smart city applications. Traditional data processing approaches face many challenges when dealing with such voluminous and high-speed generated data, such as semi-structured or unstructured data, data privacy, security, real-time responses, and so on. Probabilistic Data Structures (PDS) has been evolved as a potential solution for many applications in smart cities to complete this tedious task of handling big data with real-time response. PDS has been used in many smart city domains, including healthcare, transportation, the environment, energy, and industry. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of PDS and its applications in the domains of smart cities. The prominent domain of the smart city has been explored in detail; origin, current research status, challenges, and existing application of PDS along with research gaps and future directions. The foremost aim of this paper is to provide a detailed survey of PDS in smart cities; for readers and researchers who want to explore this field; along with the research opportunities in the domains.
The Country Report on Local Government in Austria is a product of the LoGov-project: "Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay”.
The H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project aims to provide solutions for local governments that
address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address these complex issues, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in major local government areas, which are:
WP 1 – Local Responsibilities and Public Services
WP 2 – Local Financial Arrangements
WP 3 – Structure of Local Government
WP 4 – Intergovernmental Relations of Local Government
WP 5 – People’s Participation in Local Decision-Making
Open government data (OGD) provide an opportunity for developing various services by disclosing information monopolized by the government to the public so that the private sector can use it. The private sector is utilizing this to improve the work efficiency and productivity by collecting, analyzing, and reprocessing OGD for various work steps of a BIM-based design project. However, most studies on OGD focus on the functionality and usability of data portals and the factors for evaluating the data itself such as openness, accountability, and transparency. This study aims to provide an evaluation framework for OGD for the AEC industry to assess the data utilization environment in order to improve the productivity of BIM-based projects. Several OGD principles found within related literature are discussed, and from them we extract evaluation framework levels. Then, we validate the proposed framework by applying it to a case of developing a BIM-based design support system using OGD datasets. This research concludes by suggesting that to effectively utilize OGD in the construction industry, the private sector should simply view data after collecting them, create an institutional environment for creating new values by reprocessing data, and build an active data utilization roadmap based on this environment.
Both candidates and voters have increased their use of the Internet for political campaigns. Candidates have adopted many internet tools, including social networking websites, for the purposes of communicating with constituents and voters, collecting ...
The concepts of transparency and accountability are closely linked: transparency is supposed to generate accountability. This article questions this widely held assumption. Transparency mobilises the power of shame, yet the shameless may not be vulnerable to public exposure. Truth often fails to lead to justice. After exploring different definitions and dimensions of the two ideas, the more relevant question turns out tobe: what kinds of transparency lead to what kinds of accountability, and under what conditions? The article concludes by proposing that the concept can be unpacked in terms of two distinct variants. Transparency can be either 'clear'or 'opaque', while accountability can be either 'soft'or 'hard'.
New technological opportunities and increasing demands make it imperative for government agencies to make the information they gather available to citizens. How should they go about this? This paper presents a conceptual framework for analyzing the strategic options open to agencies which have information that could be relevant to citizens. The conceptual framework is constructed on the basis of the literature and tested in a case study. The Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management in the Netherlands gathers traffic information which is useful for citizens when they want to avoid traffic jams. Presently, the agency sells information to intermediaries. The agency wanted to release the information through its own website but this was prohibited by a court ruling. This paper reviews other strategies and proposes that an 'Intel inside' strategy may be a viable option in view of the consequences for effectiveness, manageability, cost-effectiveness, equity and legitimacy. The paper concludes that the conceptual framework proves useful for analyzing the strategic options open to agencies for making government information available to citizens.
This article discusses the relationship between the open government data (OGD) movement and the right to information (RTI) movement. While both movements are closely related, there are some differences that may have a considerable impact on the right of the citizen to access government information. The article argues that the calls for OGD may on the one hand risk limiting the access to government information, while on the other hand they may also provide an alternative source of access to information for existing freedom of information legislation, which is being threatened in some countries.
This paper discusses issues in designing deliberative digital habitats. It identifies three dimensions that define them: the gemeinschaft dimension, the gesellschaft dimension, and the technology dimension, the latter with four different spaces. While not a how-to manual, this conceptual framework, rooted in both existing literature and field experimentation, should prove helpful to digital democracy designers, either for public institutions or grassroots movements. As a contribution to the growing body of scholarship on online deliberation, it organizes critical issues so that they will not be overlooked. Examples from field cases illustrate such issues.
In this article, based on data collected through interviews and a workshop, the benefits and adoption barriers for open data have been derived. The results suggest that a conceptually simplistic view is often adopted with regard to open data, which automatically correlates the publicizing of data with use and benefits. Also, five “myths” concerning open data are presented, which place the expectations within a realistic perspective. Further, the recommendation is provided that such projects should take a user's view.
This editorial essay presents an overview of the contributions in the Special Issue. It also raises critical questions for further research and thinking about Open Government Data.
Semantic Reasoners are the set of applications that can provide inferences over semantic data sets. As the types of data ontologies,
the amount of instance data based on those ontologies, and the type of required inferences grow, the problem of reasoning
becomes increasingly difficult. Linking of the Data within the enterprise as with the case of external data explodes the scaling
problem. In this chapter, we look at various reasoning techniques and how to assure that they can scale properly so that Linking
Data results in additional knowledge.
In recent years, many governments have worked to increase openness and transparency in their actions. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are seen by many as a cost-effective and convenient means to promote openness and transparency and to reduce corruption. E-government, in particular, has been used in many prominent, comprehensive transparency efforts in a number of nations. While some of these individual efforts have received considerable attention, the issue of whether these ICT-enabled efforts have the potential to create a substantive social change in attitudes toward transparency has not been widely considered. This paper explores the potential impacts of information and ICTs – especially e-government and social media – on cultural attitudes about transparency.
This paper takes a supportive but critical look at "open data" from the perspective of its possible impact on the poor and marginalized and concludes that there may be cause for concern in the absence of specific measures being taken to ensure that there are supports for ensuring a wide basis of opportunity for "effective data use". The paper concludes by providing a seven element model for how effective data use can be achieved.
