E-Government - Science topic

There are two possibilities. The first focus is related with What is the real investment that the governments make for improve his KPIs about E-Goverment. On the other hand, the last focus is the people, for instance What is the real penetration internet for citizen home's? What is the real access to mobile data network?

Here are some links

Dear Adel Benabdennour ,

E-governance is widely accepted as an effective tool of service delivery and equated with good governance by all developed countries in general and developing countries.

Regards,

Shafagat

Hi Tereza,

I am interested in research related to social media especially the uses and issues of social media and citizens' perspective during and post Covid-19. Feel free to contact me on DM, or email: kahchoon.15@gmail.com

Stephen I. Ternyik

"Disturbed social growth process", yes, and will be more of the case, reversing back I can envisage.

Fatema

Dear Masoomeh Torabzadeh,

The current fourth technological revolution has enabled the development of digitisation of both commercially operating business entities and public institutions, central and local government offices. One of the consequences of the digitisation of offices has been the development of e-government. The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic accelerated the development of e-government due to the need to develop remote services for citizens. However, the digitisation of public offices and institutions tends to be slower and less efficient compared to analogous processes taking place in commercially operating companies and enterprises. The development of digitisation of economic processes taking place in commercially operating business entities is mainly determined by economic calculation and the adaptation of the activities of companies and enterprises to new trends and customer preferences. On the other hand, the development of digitisation and e-government of public institutions may be determined mainly by other factors, such as the transition to remote handling of official matters of citizens, increasing the scale of remote monitoring of society, tightening the fiscal system, etc. As part of the development of e-government, public offices and institutions purchase specially developed IT systems tailored to the needs of specific public institutions from IT companies. They can be multi-modular with any number of modules and functions carried out according to the needs of a specific institution. They can be integrated IT systems integrating different spheres of activity of a specific organisation, facilitating the flow of information between departments and divisions of a specific institution. They can also enable the transfer of information between a public institution and other entities. The level of integration and multifunctionality may vary, which is correlated with the specifics of the operation of specific institutions and other cooperating entities. When clusters are developed in a specific area of a municipality that increase the level of cooperation between different entities, including public institutions and commercially operating businesses, then decentralised e-government development is possible. The development of e-government can also be helpful when there is a need to stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation in the area of a specific municipality, where local government units play an important role and cooperate with local businesses in this respect. However, the development of e-government does not only generate positive aspects. A negative aspect is the potential development of cybercrime. It is therefore necessary to continuously monitor the security of data transfer in Internet-connected information systems and to improve processes for managing the risk of cybercrime and data loss in information systems. This is an important issue, as successful attacks and intrusions by cyber criminals using malware, ransomware viruses, etc. have occurred on more than one occasion. The continued development of e-government will be determined, among other things, by the ability to implement new Industry 4.0 technologies into the IT systems of public offices.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The local government units in my country play a vital role in promoting entrepreneurship particularly livelihood to the marginalized sectors of the community. In the partnership and linkages with different agencies like academe and industry, they were a great alliance in terms of uplifting the lives of the local people. While the academe provides technical expertise such as business planning, product development, mentoring and coaching for entrepreneurial activities, they likewise provide support like allocation of funds and resources to continue or sustain these programs, projects and activities.

In short, only healthy things grow. A sick plant, unless given timely care, will perish - sooner or later.

نعم من خلال توفير البنى التحية للاتصالات التي تقدمها الدولة فهي جزء من هذه العملية

Check..

e-Government services have evolved significantly over the last decade, from a paper-based bureaucratic procedure to digital services. Electronically processed transactions require limited physical interaction with the public administration and provide reduced response times, increased transparency, confidentiality, and integrity. Blockchain technology enhances many of the above properties as it facilitates immutability and transparency for the recorded transactions and can help establish trust among participants.

Dear Dung Luong,

I would like to help only please specify your request. Are the documents, materials, publications, research results on the issues of State Science and Technology Management in the context of building e-administration, digital government to apply only to Vietnam or can they apply to other countries?

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Electronically connected like-

G2G, G2C etc.

The of implementing e-Government approach using ICT tools.

ICT tools are-

1. Hardware

2. Software

3. Networking

4. Database

5. Human wire also.

Many thanks , I also came to the conclusion that there is a reluctance by states to adopt new technologies in their procedures for official recognition of foreign qualifications. But isn't that odd at a time where all governments are talking about digitization of their services to citizens and e-administration? I think it is worth deepening where the obstacles are: on the administration side or on the technology developer side?

Best regards

Christian

Вопрос интересный. Но , я как специалист по растениеводству связь между электроники и урожая вижу в программирование урожайности и математической моделирование сельского хозяйства

Dear Lemma Lessa,

Digitization and internetization of the functioning of offices and public institutions leads to the development of e-administration. The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the development of e-government. Citizens, including entrepreneurs, can settle all or almost all matters with offices and central and local government public institutions remotely, via the Internet, thanks to developed computerized e-administration systems. In the context of the ongoing internationalization and digitization of various business processes and social communication, the development of e-administration is becoming a necessity not only because of the obvious positive aspects, which include the convenience of remote e-administration systems, remote handling of various matters by citizens and the reduction of operating costs and increasing efficiency, shortening the time of handling citizens' affairs in offices and public institutions. An important issue is also the increase in the importance of the synergy of analogous changes taking place in various aspects of the functioning of people, companies and institutions consisting in increasing the scale of using the Internet and implementing ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies into various processes. In recent years, the progress in the development of e-administration was also determined by the earlier development of electronic internet banking. In some countries, the most commonly used electronic signature standard used in signing documents sent via the Internet to e-companies, e-offices and e-institutions is the digital electronic signature standard used to encode access to an internet and / or mobile banking account. Therefore, it was possible to use commonly accepted and developed electronic standards in internet banking, remotely realized payments and settlements via the Internet, also as part of making payments and transferring financial transfers, including taxes and other levies, fees paid by citizens and entrepreneurs to offices and public institutions. Therefore, it was also possible to integrate online banking account profiles with online civic profiles set up by citizens and entrepreneurs for the purposes of remote communication and dealing with various matters with offices and institutions such as tax offices, social security system institutions, health service institutions, insurance companies, institutions of local government, institutional agencies of ministries, etc. Therefore, the development of e-administration is a necessary factor of progress in the ongoing digitization and internationalization of various spheres of human and economic activity. The carried out and improved digitization and internetization of public offices and institutions, the development of e-administration is one of the key factors in maintaining a high level of effectiveness of the state's functioning, the possibility of remote communication between citizens and state institutions, etc. in the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid- 19). Thanks to the digitization and Internetisation of public institutions and the development of e-administration, the functioning of people and business entities in the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic is much simpler and more efficient than if there were no digitized public offices and if there were no developed e -administration.

Have a nice day, Stay healthy! Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In India research agencies are using COVID 19 related data and trying to analyze disease outbreak, about virus genetics, hotspot analysis, cluster analysis. The health providers are using advanced technologies and prediction models to deal with patients in a better way.

Case if Italy,

… Many sectors of the Italian economy, which is largely based on family- owned small businesses, are suffering …

Lazzerini, M., & Putoto, G. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties. The Lancet Global Health.

The emergence of new technologies that helped carry out continuous auditing

Thank you for reply Georg Schaefer

There is a difference: it is historical (not histerical :).

e-governance (often related or even equated with e-Government) has emerged around or before the turn of the Millenium - while Digital Governance is somewhat more recent (and got a new lease on life a few years ago with the emergence of the buzzword digital transformation). In this later context digital governance has a bit different use.

in my opinion, that stage is adjusted to e-government needs. feasible stage offers as follows:

Stage 1: readiness of resources (human, tools, and finance)

Stage 2: can be accessed online (open)

Stage 3: have a mechanism (service standards that are fast, accurate and accountable)

Stage 4: can answer customer needs or use services

Tahp 5: updated information and system upgrades (ongoing) online

An interesting development concept of using new online information and communication media in connection with the Internet of Things technology. The current development of mobile devices, mainly smartphones and their applications to international communication and information transfer, enables the improvement of information logistics. Therefore, the use of new media technologies and advanced information processing technologies, ie typical of the current technological revolution, Industry 4.0, can significantly increase the efficiency of communication processes between cooperating members of national and international working teams in institutions and enterprises.

Cloud era

Hello Eben, is it possible for you to send me these two articles that you recommended for me since trying to get them online has become a problem for me.

1. Amankwah -Sarfo et al., (2018). Import Clearance Digitization and Socio -Economic Development, the case of Ghana.

2. Hafsi, N.(2017). Port Net in Morocco.

Additionally, i will appreciate it if you can also send any current articles you have read on e-government (2018/2019). You can send it through my institutional email address or Jamesceegha@gmail.com. I hope to link up for us to share more ideas. Thanks

i think you are asking what progress has these and such countries shown in this regard, and what is the way forward.

Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are original constructs of TAM, but other instrisinc constructs such as level of education, organizational support have tend to influence how technology is perceived and accepted. So I advice you read application of TAM and modify it to give room for other constructs such as the ones I mentioned to have a place in your study. In so doing you may come up with a model that could be adopted by other researchers just as you are about to adopt TAM.

Thank you and kind regards.

as a part of circular economy such transformation brings smaller, greener, flexible autonomous vehicles that impact transportation in smart cities

Interested

Hi Rolf, Thanks for your valuable comments.

I agree with you to some extent. It depends how we define mature technology. In the context of the E-government Blockchain technology has not seen widespread use, and lack of research in this domain. Also, some challenges can be seen and still not tackled such as :

A. How to decide between the different types of Blockchain that are available today to integrate with your current business processes.

B. Understanding the design of each type of Blockchain is another challenge that requires attention.

D. Need to update modeling tools and metrix to cover the blockchain based system.

C. Security and reliability: software development process have to check and ensure the data integrity and security to have more reliable, fast and trustworthy platform. Software development methodologies need to be reviewed to meet the new platform requirements and develop new testing methods to suit the distributed nature of blockchain app.

In my opinion, I think Blockchain technology needs another 5 to 7 years to be fully mature.

Yes, thanks for useful suggestion.

Checkout:

hello,

The geocentric policy approach to staffing assigns job positions to any person best suited for the position, regardless of the employee’s background, culture or country of origin. The main advantage of this staffing policy approach is that it is highly flexible. It can increase the firm’s cultural knowledge about the different markets and countries. However, a disadvantage of this staffing policy approach is that it could be difficult to apply. Immigration policies, costs of worker relocation and diversity management create pressure on HR management.

A geocentric staffing policy seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization, regardless of nationality. The advantages of a geocentric approach are: (1) Uses human resources efficiently, (2) Helps build strong culture and informal management network. The disadvantages of the geocentric staffing policy are: (1) National immigration policies may limit implementation, and (2) It is expensive to implement. A geocentric approach is typically appropriate for firms unitizing a global or transnational strategy. Thus mainly its depend on what kind of small and medium enterprises you took about, if SMEs working in international market,then the GSP can applied in SMEs

The problem with a Cloud-based E-government Deployment Model would be all of the security-based concerns surrounding such deployment.

Hi Negin, I think it´s possible but we still have a long way to go.

You should also see LA smart city project: http://geohub.lacity.org/ http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/the-power-of-data-visualization-in-cities-los-angeles-geohub-1111

And also...the google smart city: alphabet https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/18/upshot/taxibots-sensors-and-self-driving-shuttles-a-glimpse-at-an-internet-city-in-toronto.html

However, due to the experiences I have had, citizen participation is more active and easier to be achieved on a neighborhood scale. Another question that may be important is the education and training of the citizens themselves so that they can contribute actively and positively in the city.

Somewhere in program development phase there is a program model. However, it may not be written or described and it is often left to an outsider such as an evaluator to discover it for the team. If the program model is based on theoretical underpinnings, then discovering the model may be less of a challenge.

The implementation rating rubric scale can be as simple as a dichotomous checklist (yes/no, present/not present) or it can describe a range of possible implementation levels. The rating rubric items taken together as a scale will help to identify level of implementation. With that in mind, it is possible, indeed, to have perfect implementation. But that definition of “perfect” will be based on an implementation rubric that is developed based upon the program model. Being perfect will merely mean that the highest possible ratings are achieved on all of the rating rubric elements. These highest performing groups can serve as exemplars for other groups.

Check the following topics;

The conceptual and practice-based boundaries of the field of e-Government

Agendas for e-Government research

Research methodologies for the study of e-Government

The nature of inter and multidisciplinary research designs in e-Government

Differences and similarities between e-Government, PMIS and MIS research

Mobile Government: Challenges, opportunities, standards, and protocols

Mobile voice/data integration

Mobile to legacy/non-mobile application integration

Data-driven public policy and decision-making

Archiving and Preservation for small organizations

IT, government, and an aging population

You can check this link and also the attached file

By Marie Chêne

Summary

E-governance has gained popularity in recent years, with many countries resorting to information communications technology (ICTs) to modernise government, increase efficiency and improve public service delivery. As an additional benefit, ICTs are also expected to reduce corruption by promoting transparency, opening government data to public scrutiny, and by automating government processes, restricting discretion of officials and limiting citizens’ interaction with gatekeepers to access key services. Despite these high expectations and massive investments in e-government, evidence of impact is mixed and limited and there is a high rate of failure of e-government projects, due to contextual factors as well as the type of the ICT interventions. This Helpdesk answer provides an overview of recent literature on the role of ICTs and government to combat corruption in key government processes such as procurement, taxation, human resource management, open data and service delivery. It also explores the potential of ICTs and social media for citizens’ mobilisation and empowerment.

....

You can use systematic literature review 

See this  also

I would also add lack of "real" participatory processes, in which citizens and stakeholders are engaged from the very begining of the planning process until its end. This lack of participation usually implies poor analysis of alternative options and poor monitoring.

Corruption might also be an answer, since powerholders exert their power during both phases ex-ante and ex-post in order to shape planning processes.

I hope this is helpful

All the best

Would be better if you elaborate more on the type of research you are conducting. 

One way is through fire & disaster management. That is, through the environment, a number of natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, fire occurs which calls for the necessity of information from e-governments to protect its citizens from abuses.  

Dear Fanny,

In my earlier reply, I didn't understand what you were asking.  Now that I understand that you are interested in asking questions in your questionnaire related to my analysis, I will have to think about what questions one might ask.  Please inform me about the timing of your survey.

Thanks,

Joel Guttman

dear Castillo, thank you so much for your helpful answer 

At some point, I think you will have to decide whether you want to look at transparency as an independent or a dependent variable.  If as an independent variable, you probably should think about what you think greater transparency could or should accomplish, outline the mechanisms through which you think transparency might influence your dependent variables.  For example, full transparency in budgeting should reduce the level of government corruption, say in contracting, because it would make clear what the costs are for what services provided by whom, and if the government was paying much more for a service than it seems that it could, it would look suspicious...full transparency might increase public confidence that tax money was being spend in accordance with the budget or with national needs, and would reveal the priorities of the government, that is, proportionally, how much of the money is going to defense, or to historic preservation, or child health.  Possibly transparency could reduce the level of public alienation.  Full transparency in governmental reporting--say making inspector general reports public--should, could or might increase accountability.  If you cannot come up with a likely mechanism linking transparency to your dependent variables of interest, you should omit those dependent variables from the analysis.  Or do a different study of the determinants of the dependent variable you are most interested in.

The same kind of logic should apply if you use transparency as your dependent variable, what variables might influence the degree of openness and transparency and how do they operate, through what mechanisms?  To me, these questions are less obvious, the research topic is wide open, waiting for eager researchers.  You might have to look at variations in openness that have occurred in the past and see if you can ferret out what might have been involved in those cases, and then design a study around those independent variables to see how they work.  

Irene

Co-location of firms in space is an agglomeration effect caused by potential increase of productivity via spillovers. There are many literature on that. Like those I take from unpublished paper: 1) Ciccone A, Hall RE (1996). Productivity and the density of economic activity. American Economic Review 86: 54–70; 2) Coll-Martínez E, Moreno-Monroy AI, Arauzo-Carod JM (2016) Agglomeration of creative industries: an Intra-metropolitan analysis for Barcelona. Working Paper Department of Economics and CREIP, Rovira and Virgili University, Nº 16-2016.

I suppose that you have GIS data with firm types and employment and want to introduce some coefficient measuring their relative location in space.You can probably count number of neighbors in neighborhood of certain radius (like done in 2nd paper). You can also weight the neighbor by the number of employee.

In some cases they can be rivals (like in Hotelling model) and would like to stay apart. Different industries can sometimes benefit from synergies, but if they locate closely, they compete for workers. At the same time, they can choose among larger pool of skills. So the issue is rather complicated and probably depends on the exact question under study.

Thank you for this answer. I would add that if for more authoritative data the lack or incomplete set of metadata and particularly of metadata on spatial data quality was not crucial (though not good) as often the quality was suspected (trust) and verified from the usage of the data, on the contrary for VGI data this becomes crucial as well as the metaquality, i.e. how the quality assessment was performed. The BPMN file (and diagram) that encapsulates the workflow of the QA (see Meek et al. 2016, and Leibovici et al. 2017) acts as a mediating information which can be shared easily but also ran or re-used (BPMN editor) seamlessly.

Dear Mr. Dalavi,

I would like to name Spatial Data on the Web as a trend in GIS.  

Geospatial data is often hard to find and access on the Web, especially for non-specialist users. Spatial data on the Web will enable discovery of geospatial through search engines like Google, rather than catalogs of metadata.

The Spatial Data on the Web Working Group (SDWWG) is a joint W3C-OGC project.  See https://www.w3.org/TR/sdw-bp/.  This document is pending OGC review.

Kind regards,

Julie Binder Maitra

A study on capital structure decision ( A selected listed cement companies in India)

Let me check on that.

The statistical test to use depends on your level of measurements. If nominal or ordinal, there are many possibilities like chi-square test for two independent samples, median test. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, etc. If measurement is in interval or ratio scale, t or z-test should be used.

A pleasure - by email, I am at: steve@ASKMATT.solutions

The Stingray "intercepts" (18 USC 2510(4) "electronic communications" (18 USC 2510(12).  Katz added, the reasonable expectation of privacy test to the common-law trespassory test.  This reasonable expectation of privacy protects people even when they operate in public spaces.  Thus, we have to ask, 1) was there an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy that location information was private, and 2) that the expectation that it was private one that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

You can argue both sides, but keep in mind that third party doctrine is about accessing information that has been turned over to third parties, i.e. phone records.  The Stingray does more; it intercepts "electronic communications" and gleans information (location) that reasonable people might expect to keep private.  Where you are is a private matter (not a government interest) despite the fact that you may be in the public sphere.  Thus, I do not believe that third party doctrine is appropriate and a warrant is needed to use a Stingray.  A note on my previous comment, it is unsettled in many states, so police still use it and some deny even having Stingray devices, i.e. some states in the northeast.    

 What can send your research ? for me.

 Thanks Emad Abu-Shanab. Yes, I have. I will use the GRI proposal for the public sector and create my own indicators.

Can you provide more details on the project?

February 2017, Vol.45:218–227.

Hi

The term Netizen” is a combination of two words, "Net" (or network) and "Citizen" which means: a Net (work) Citizen or it is a mixed of the words "Internet" and "Citizen" which means: "citizen of the net".[1] The concept of Netizen is also commonly referred to other expressions like: “Internet Citizen”, “Network Citizen”, “Digital Citizen” or “Cyber Citizen” which are used interchangeably and synonymously. Netizen has been defined in different attitudes. Some are as follows:

 a. A Netizen refers to citizen (of the physical space) utilizing or using information technology (IT) as a tool in order to engage in society, politics, and government participation.[2]

b. Netizen means citizen of a globally connected Internet

c. Netizens or electronic citizens can be defined as "those who use the Internet regularly and effectively."[3]

d. Netizen is one who takes responsibility and care for the Net.[4]

 According to the above definitions, Netizen may simply be defined as citizen of the Net,But in legal sense, as the concept of citizen or citizenship carries with it both rights and responsibilities, it is better to define the term Netizen in the same approach. In this sense,we can define Netizen as "one who entitled to the rights in the Net, and takes responsibilities for the Net".

Velten, thanks for your interest in our project (which, by the way, ended in September 2016). More detailed information is available at http://www.corporate-smart-content.de (in German). To answer your question, the goal of this project was to tackle a set of hitherto unsolved problems in the area of "smart" content (we understand "smart" content as content that is semantically enriched with one or multiple particular applications in mind). One of the problems was to find universal formalism for providing contextual information (which might just be meta-logical or really part of the domain knowledge, which means that it has to be taken care of how the possible different semantics of the different representation universes interact). We (partially) solved this by applying the aspect-oriented paradigm known from software engineering to knowledge representation and ontology development problems. Use cases of the formalism were e.g., representation of business process meta-knowledge, spatial/temporal context, and agent-based views on knowledge assets. Other problems tackled in this project were the  recognition of complex entities (as opposed to named entities), and event pattern and process mining. Hope this helps :)

Best regards, Ralph

Hello Tan, World Bank publishes its key indicators as open data on its website: http://data.worldbank.org/. You are able to download the datasets in different formats and re-use them. With regard to ICT-related data, it depends what precisely you are looking for... Some data is available under Science & Technology here http://data.worldbank.org/topic/science-and-technology?view=chart, others under Infrastructure here http://data.worldbank.org/topic/infrastructure?view=chart. I hope this helps. 

you rather need to find the answer to:

 why do banks exist ?

the available literature answers this question in details, at the same time emphasizing the uniqueness of banks. 

 Artikel siehe E-Mail. Bitte melden, sollten Sie keine Mail erhalten haben.

Efficient path planning is an important aspect. It includes the possibility of the autonomous car picking up riders from various businesses and various neighborhoods for each trip, based on their schedule, as opposed to serving commuters from only one business, or only one neighborhood. And this can be done dynamically, a different mix every single commute trip. So in the aggregate, you would expect fewer cars on the road.

In addition, the autonomous car can do multiple trips every day, not just one to work and one from work. So that would mean fewer cars need to exist, less real estate required to park these cars, less production costs, and so on. There's always going to be overhead costs when more cars are required overall, than there would be if you can get by with fewer cars. Autonomous cars could conceivably be running most of the day and night, as necessary.

How to be confident speaking to a large audience: I will say a big part of it is having a good grasp of your subject, being comfortable in yourself, being relaxed; and the rest will be practice and growing in experience with time. Each good outing will provide positive reinforcement. If you get honest feedback each time to enable you correct mistakes and build on your strengths then you can only continue to grow in the art.

IMEC made first true energy-harvesting industrial device (tire pressure sensor) back in 2012. 

You can also see my paper:

The Availability and Statistical Properties of Ambient Light for Energy-Harvesting for Wearable Sensor Nodes

Also, the same research (not published) yielded estimation of 80 uW/kg harvestable energy of wearable sensor from vibration. 

Basicaly, for sensor node of reasonable size, average power consumption must be  20-200 uW.  In particular, SOI CMOS is the most suitable for AMS microchips.

For ADC, dominant architecture for energy-harvesting is charge-reuse ADCs, especially SAR architecture is popular. Current-based ADCs has simply too high power consumption

Dear Abdulazeez,

Here is a critically important reference. It shows that artisanal mining in Europe was originally the same as 'mining': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_metallica

In Mongolia, a hundred thousand nomads with zero experience of mining had to quickly find out how to mine for alluvial gold or else starve. This paper includes logical steps in advancing shaft haulage as a 'technology ladder', and how to do total extraction of placer deposits underground without leaving pillars of valuable ore behind... and how to collaborate to dewater deposits etc.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285756289_Anatomy_of_the_People%27s_gold_rush_in_modern_Mongolia

This sample chapter gives some insight into how industrial commercial placer gold mining is now done with minimum impacts and maximum efficiency - very different from traditional gold rushes.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/202236039_Chapter_1_Profitable_Placer_Mining_with_Low_Impacts_-_sample_chapter

There can be synergy between artisanal and industrial exploration methods, especially when bulk samples are required from underground. Here is one remarkable example:

There is a lot of confusion in the literature about gold panning, an activity shared by recreational miners, artisanal miners and industrial prospectors etc. This article sheds some light on the cross-overs: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313562132_Gold_recovery_in_Gold_Pans_-the_term_%27Panning%27

There is remarkable regional traditional divergence in gold panning technology. Americans, Canadians and Australians use gold pans, as these are traditional from frying pans with the handle snapped off.

Russians use lotoks each carved from a tree trunk as Siberia is full of trees and metal pans were less available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228457236_Gold_recovery_in_wooden_trays_in_Russia_-_the_term_%27lotoking%27

Meanwhile, Mongolia nomads who don't fry food but boil it, and have few trees in the Gobi Desert and Steppe grasslands, first used aluminium soviet washing-up bowls that every family had, and switched to green plastic bowls that are cheaper and easier to carry on their backs as ninja bowls aka ninja turtles.

Good luck.

Robin

IAM in the clouds and enterprise IAM have many similarities.

There are known IAM metrics like the one below:

Password reset volume per month.

Average number of distinct credentials per user

Number of uncorrelated accounts

Number of new accounts provisioned

Average time it takes to provision or de-provision a user

Average time it takes to authorize a change

Number of system or privileged accounts without an owner

Number of exceptions per access re-certification cycle

Number of reconciliation exceptions

Separation of duty violations

See details in the link below:

Joseph:

If you are also including training via mobile devices to accommodate for the flexible working environment, I did some preliminary research on flexible learning environments that include mobile learning. I hope this can be of some help for you.

Best regards,

Debra

Reflecting on friendliness (e.g. constructing a "trust index") is a step towards being friendly, because trying to be friendly is to expose oneself to the risk of vulnerability.Unfortunately trust is a product of culture. And indeed national culture has a large part to play in the trust levels of a country. Xenophobia and trust is a bit harder to differentiate. Ironically to make someone else trust us we need to be vulnerable. That is the part where it becomes difficult for businesses and hotels to swallow. How to be vulnerable and not be exploited? Can we really trust our guests and customers in good faith to behave as civilized and responsible consumers?

Servicing bad customers at all costs is like throwing good money after bad- it never pays to do so. In fact many a great company have sunk in the quicksand of their own doing for practicing such a service culture.  It would seem that where money is involved there is a degree of sociability. Money which is part of economic exchange requires reciprocity in the sharing and networked hospitality context. The challenge is in negotiating the right sociability. Hence sharing is not all about offering non-monetary benefits or where the non-monetary outweighs that of the monetized benefits.

I believe there is also social memory, where the collective memory of a people or segment of customers retain a degree of mistrust that is a carry-over from past betrayals. This stigma on a business or customer is difficult to overcome/overlook. Just as most rational people are risk-averse, most rational customers and business stakeholders are trust-averse...Changing names and rebranding after an episode of betrayal and mistrust is almost impossible. As they say,

"Once bitten, twice shy"

Lastly in the construction of any index, there needs to be vigilance on the phenomenon known as Goodhart's Law.

You can refer to the antecedents of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) or Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).  Some of the antecedents include the following in which you can select those which are relevant in the context of Cloud ERP among SMEs:

To know more about these 2 model & theory that your research model can underpin on, you can refer to these 2 links.  Wishing you all the best.

Hi

My phd was about Semantic web services technology for e-government  domaine with a use case of e-customs domain.

here in researcheGate I upload my thesis, but it is in french.

If you need any help contact me.

Hello,

Open Data movement is related with e-government now that many governments are adopting such behavior. Check in this African Open data portal: https://africaopendata.org/

Maybe you will find some useful information for your work. E.g. you can check the countries publishing their data in this portal.

Best regards

In the following link, you will find many articles, 

Good luck in your study

Castell's theory is not an IS theory, but that does not mean it cannot be used in IS research. A scientist cab use theories from other disciplines when they are opening up new possibilities for research. E-government is studied in many disciplines, from different points of view. Castell's theory is a sociological theory, especially embedded in organizational studies. It is a network theory and he projected it on the change of organizational forms in the 1970s. Those changes appeared the same time new ICTs appeared on the market that would change organizational structures directly. The changes Castell describes were not dependent on these ICTs, but were of course influenced by them. They were used by organizations to make production more lean and to alter relations with labor. I do not think Castell's theory will become an IS theory, but it could be quite interesting to see what it means for IS research, espcially concerning business informatics and e-governance.

One, there has to be openness in governance, friendly policies, rule of law, freedom of information (constructive criticism of governance), subsidized and affordable Internet services provision etc. will help.

I'm afraid I can't help save to say that most 'cost benefit' analyses here in the UK, do results in saved costs to the government, but almost invariably do not result in any consumer or customer benefits. The cost reductions results in organizational benefits. However, the whole process tends to be presented as being of benefit to customers and consumers, and the end result is usually disbelief and incredulity.

A second activity is the matrix vote, a methodology by which a parliament can elect a government.  Every MP can choose, in order of preference, not only those whom he/she wants to be in cabinet, but also the ministries in which he/she wishes each of these nominees to serve.  The matrix vote is PR, so the outcome would be a power-sharing cabinet in which, individually, each minister is the one most suited to his/her appointment, while collectively, the government represents the parliament in proportional due.

Peter Emerson   www.deborda.org

Dear Colleague,

I got my phd with the topic on e-government in Slovenia., you can download few texts on the Information society by browsing my profile. Concerning the topic:

I have no problem providing you the opinion. However, based on hypotheses, i see few issues. First one is direct correlation between very different things, which are just coinciding (if I understood correctly, Prof.Linde pointed this out in a way). Second, your hypotheses do not indicate the reason and consequence. You are only stating the fact that states with "better e-government" have better something else. So i would reformulate in the sense that you try to answer if the e-government is reason or consequence of better results in anti-corruption fight, economic development etc.

This, however, requires than bit different research approach, based on the idea that e-government is more connected to development of the governing culture in individual countries than to certain administrative-economic indicators.

The most cited goal of e-government is to provide a better public service delivery to citizens. Therefore, in my point of view, to measure the effectiveness of e-government is to measure citizen's attitude on e-government. For example; whether most of the citizens use the e-government for obtaining services or not. Since your question is about theories, I would suggest taking one of the following theories; - Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, or Theory of Reasoned Action. These theories are aimed to measure the Demand-side of e-government.

If you want to measure the supply side, you can take from DeLone & McLeans model.

As for the practical approach, the PDF sent by Elahe Meydani is a good source.

Hi Hind,

Yes I know Amine very well. I'm using CoGui (http://www.lirmm.fr/cogui/) these days. Some of the papers I've published with Mark von Rosing (see our joint papers such as the one Mark refers to above) illustrate its use for Enterprise Ontology and Semantics. As I also have an interest in Smart Applications in Smart Cities (see a CfP in my journal http://www.igi-global.com/ijcssa for example) I would be very interested to read your thesis and any of your related work. Thanks,

Simon