Mobile Cloud Computing - Science topic

Hi, have you found an answer to this? Thanks.

Dear all,

I need to submit multiple cloudlets with different parameter values and similarly, want to generate multiple VMs with different parameter values. Please suggest to me anything which could help me in the same.

from where can i download it

I like that, is great

Nidhal Kamel Taha El-Omari, “Cloud IoT as a Crucial Enabler: a Survey and Taxonomy”, Modern Applied Science, The Canadian Center of Science and Education, published by Canadian Center of Science and Education, Canada, p-ISSN: 1913-1844, e-ISSN: 1913-1852, DOI:10.5539/mas.v13n8p86, 13(8):86-149, 2019.

Dear Mahbubul Himel

you can check docker: https://www.docker.com/

Himadri Nath Saha, it seems to be a fascinating motivation scenario. The investments and the continuous growth of streaming games have imposed new requirements of response time (i.e., ultra-low latency). I am looking for DSP systems where latency-sensitive applications can be easily deployed on geo-distributed constrained resources avoiding creating a multi-tier of components.

CloudSim Plus enables getting the VM's CPU utilisation and has a built-in feature to get the power consumed by a given VM. You can check the following examples:

And please don't forget to give CloudSim Plus a star at https://github.com/manoelcampos/cloudsim-plus

It's very important to promote the project and keep it going on.

good question

...

This is a straightforward textbook case. Use authenticated Diffie-Hellman to establish a shared 128-bit AES session key which is subsequently used to encrypt the data between the parties using an authenticated encryption mode, such as Galois Counter Mode.

The simulation tool Cloud Analyst provides the following three in-built load balancing strategies:

The corresponding java codes for these load balancers are openly accessible in the Cloud Analyst module. By analysing the codes and understanding the details of the strategies and how they are connected to other entities of the module, you can decide whether the load balancing algorithm you want to design needs coding from scratch or whether you can just modify the existing codes and implement your strategy.

Another thing that you need to focus on is the service broker policy you want to design your algorithm for. Though you have the option to design a generalized strategy which can be used with any of the service broker, but it would help if you consider the details of existing service brokers while implementing your load balancer.

For further details about how you can add the code into existing module of Cloud Analyst, you can refer to: http://www.cloudbus.org/students/MEDC_Project_Report_Bhathiya_318282.pdf

For details of service broker policies, and how the existing algorithms can be modified for better performance, refer

&

Hope it helps!

Best

The following articles may help:

I think, cloud forensic, and cloud security in general, have the issues rooted to a large extent in the weaknesses of the current human users' authentication credentials which allow for numerous attack vectors.

This problem existed well before the clouds' initiative was adapted, and got exacerbated with the clouds proliferation.

Really secure human authentication credentials are seemingly easy to design, but usually they do not satisfy criteria of being really non-detectable by attack vectors, non-reusable by intruders, cheap, simple to use, and easy to remember. So that user credentials' technology is to be subordinated to, or commensurate with economic and usability requirements making this problem extremely difficult to resolve, as those criteria used to be perpendicular to each other.

User authentication technology is not the only clouds' security problem but it is a fundamental one in security of clouds and many other domains.  

Could you at least give a little bit more information about the scope of this simulation you would do, as well as the kind of computing that will be done?

Do you want to simulate directly connected nodes in a P2P mobile cloud or a cloud with a centralised routing node?

Do you want to simulate simpler mathematical calculations done in a distributed fashion with possible parallel processing?

Do you want to simulate executions of full operating systems (each in a separate VM process) with the network also being simulated through a virtual adapter (interface)?

More information is needed if you want someone to give a concrete suggestion regarding HW and SW requirements for such a project.

The collection of QoS related data is often a task of the company IT Services and majority of clients are not really aware of how the data are collected. However, they are quite concern with their perception of QoS provision and often are quite critical  and not content. Given the complexity and vulnerability of the Cloud today, the Cyber Security has become the essential part of User's Perception. However, no exact metric have been established yet on how to measure QoS Provision side by side with the Security Assurance.

Dear, Just apply this formula 

cloudlet.getlength / get.mips;

this will return the estimate finish_time for each Cloudlet.

Regards,

Follow these paper:

Security challenges with network functions virtualization

dear 

if you simulate the VM in cloudsim , please share your code with us

Regards (Talebi@Europe.com)

This paper may help you

You can use CloudSim tool. This tool you can use by eclipse. This is mostly used by researchers to simulate his work. For more detail, you can visit  www.cloudbus.org/cloudsim/ here you can find clousim tool and videos 

Thank you.

Dear,

You can call your function at :

public boolean allocateHostForVm(Vm vm) 

at VmAllocationPolicy that beong to you.

Regards.

Thank you Ahmed Hassan Abase Sir.

Can I  make the changes just by using VmAllocationPolicy class. Don't I need to change the scheduling policies mentioned in DatacenterBroker class?

Hello Researches,

Thank you so much for this help, I really appreciate that, I will see it Doctor Marco and i ll let you know if i have any questions.

Best regards.

I agree with M. MANFREDI, all will depend on where you will start to compare and your perspective. If you consider the recent advanced developments relying on SaaS model, the whole OSI 

This is an old favourite:

you have to verify your localrc file (or openstack network component: neutron)

Live migration of virtual machines (VM) has recently become a key ingredient

behind the management activities of cloud computing system to achieve the goals of load

balancing, energy saving, failure recovery, and system maintenance

The link to the paper is attached

IAM in the clouds and enterprise IAM have many similarities.

There are known IAM metrics like the one below:

Password reset volume per month.

Average number of distinct credentials per user

Number of uncorrelated accounts

Number of new accounts provisioned

Average time it takes to provision or de-provision a user

Average time it takes to authorize a change

Number of system or privileged accounts without an owner

Number of exceptions per access re-certification cycle

Number of reconciliation exceptions

Separation of duty violations

See details in the link below:

Thnaks Abhirup,

I've found the classes (VMAllocationPolicySimple and DatacenterBroker ) in which I can implement own algo but unable to find code from related papers and journals so can you tell me source to find code for respective scheduling policies.

Yes you can add other resources like bandwidth consumption, processing capabilities, OS type and version, to your VM. For this you would have to make suitable changes in certain predefined classes. You may also need to create certain user defined functions to make use of these resources. 

Dear,

I think you can do it although I did cloud work in VANET but not in XACML you preferred. But I think you can test access control performance.

Thanks

Dear Namane,

This thesis with title "CLOUD-BASED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR A FEDERATED CLOUD" can be useful for you.

Also, please see these links:

Hello Ali,

talking about vcpu overcommit you can set any number just modifying nova.conf

***

Default CPU overcommit ratio - 16

Default memory overcommit ratio - 1.5

Use the cpu_allocation_ratio and ram_allocation_ratio directives in /etc/nova/nova.conf to change these default settings. 

***

If you are planning to use OpenStack try a Canonical deploy using MaaS and JuJu, devstack is not a production grade openstack, it's only a development environment.

Best.

4) OCT ( Open Cloud Testbed ):  It is currently configured as a smaller-scale testbed. It is use to develop cloud computing software and infrastructure. Its main characteristics:

* Different cloud systems and services are installed, including Eucalyptus, Hadoop, CloudStore (KosmosFS), Sector/Sphere, and Thrift in order to make OCT easier to study interoperability and benchmarking, to develop network libraries, monitoring systems and benchmarking suites to support the development and experimental studies of cloud computing stacks.

* The architecture of OCT includes high-performance protocols, services, and infrastructure at all levels. It uses a high-performance 10Gb/s network based on extremely fast transport protocols supported by dedicated light paths instead of using the internet.

5) GroudSim: It provides a comprehensive set of features for complex simulation scenarios from simple job executions on leased computing resources to calculation of costs, and background load on resources. Simulations can be parameterised and are easily extendable by probability distribution packages for failures which normally occur in complex environments. It is mainly concentrated on the IaaS, but it is easily extendable to support additional models such as PaaS, DaaS and TaaS.

6) NetworkCloudSim:  it is an extension of CloudSim with a scalable network and generalized application model, which allows more accurate evaluation of scheduling and resource provisioning policies to optimize the performance

of a Cloud infrastructure.

Yes, you can use Burp Suite and Hydra tool in kali linux it will be best because one is for brute force attack for security purpose and burp suite for finding vulnerabilities in the environment

Maybe you can also find these two data-sets useful: crowdsignals.io and https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~acr31/pubs/wagner-bigdata.pdf (they are more focused on mobile computing though) 

Dear Sir,

I suggest Cloudsim simulator

If you consider "dynamic " to an scenario where the job requests arrive in a random manner, then you are dealing with online algorithms. Similar scenarios is the well-known routing and wavelength problem. Strategies such as random fit, first-fit are the ones frequently used. Nevertheless, other issues such as state information inaccuracy due to mobility of the nodes forming the cloud can negatively impact the performance of the scheduling algorithm. I suggest to you the following paper. Dealing with scheduling related to routing and wavelength in optical networks, you may adapt the techniques used in this paper to your mobile cloud scenario.

"A Study of Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment with Imprecise Network State Information".

Handling Service Allocation in Combined Fog-Cloud Scenarios

Regards.

Thanks for your efforts

I did that many years ago but with another Java VM. It finally did not turn out to be either easy or useful. Lots of library dependence, C++ supports, etc. needed sorting out, while without achieving expected benefits.

Thanks  Francesco Argese   and Jeff Sedayao  sharing the information.  It really help to get the  insight on RabbitMQ..  Once again thanks a lot .

I don't know closely but did a work , yes you can use bayesian probabilistic method / probabilistic Algorithms to measure the energy efficiency between hop to hop as from my experience.Try to read related books like- probabilistic models with bayesian networks / wireless sensor networks with probabilistic models.I say probabilistic because , all these are statistical models. Thanks

Hi Mohammad,

We need to dissect on case by case basis what is the rationale cloud users & cloud providers needs to change their SLA.

Possible Reasons Why Cloud Users Need to Change SLA:

1) The Current SLA is Not Meeting Cloud User's Business / Go to Market Requirements - e.g. reduced down time & latency, higher availability & performance, faster required speed of IaaS VMs provisioning / de-provisioning etc.

3) Cloud Users' Organizations are Going through Certain Mergers & Acquisitions that Need to Re-streamlined the SLA etc.

Possible Reasons Why Cloud Providers Need to Change SLA:

1) Cloud Provider is Learning from Cloud User Feedback - some cloud providers when they rolled out their cloud service initially, they don't have any specific SLA in mind but rather they only setup some SLO (Service Level Objective) which is not contract binding / incurring any penalty payment to solicit feedback from cloud users.  After some months, when the cloud providers have some ideas on what SLA they want to offer, they will formally announce the binding SLA to all cloud users.

2) When Cloud Provider Discontinues Old Cloud Services and Offer New Cloud Services, there will be a change / improved SLA

3) Some Cloud Providers are Transitioning / Upgrading from Old to New Cloud Service Offerings in which They are Not Sure How Reliable the New Cloud Services.  Hence they put the new cloud service offerings under few months of monitoring to see how good their performance / SLA will be.  After the new cloud service offerings are stable / improved, the cloud providers will change to new binding SLA to ensure they can meet such new SLA.

4) Changing to Improved SLA due to competition pressures as mentioned by Auday above.

Note: above are just some examples and they are not exhaustive list.  Wishing you all the best.

Regards,

Fung

Try Smart Grids testbeds like

CERN

There are sections on workload management in a recent survey on cloud resource management that I co-authored:

Brendan Jennings and Rolf Stadler. Resource Management in Clouds: Survey and Research Challenges. Journal of Network and Systems Management 23(3):567-619, 2015. (doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10922-014-9307-7)

There is also a more recent survey paper that deals specifically with forecasting and profiling models, see: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804514002252

Good luck with your work :-)

--brendan

Bonsoir. Une expérience scientifique doit pouvoir être répliquée. Il est donc indispensable de fournir les caractéristiques des appareils et des protocoles utilisés. Mais effectivement sans faire de publicité… La seule solution, il me semble, est de donner alors, de manière détaillée, les aspects techniques de ces matériels.

The following article pay help.

The following article pay help.

The following article pay help.

The following article pay help.

The following article pay help.

Dear Dr. Pankaj, Nice to see you. What specific application you are looking for ?

Best wishes

P.K.Bhatnagar

Attendance recording based upon the bluetooth address alone will not be reliable. You need to further consider other methods. For example, biometrics recording wherein finger print is captured live from each student. Otherwise, make a count of number of students in the class using CC camera and compare it with Bluetooth recorded attendance data. Any mismatch is false and you can have other means to resolve.

     

The scheduling policy and the time for cloudlet execution has to be looked at for optimization.

Sure, you can take a look for SONORA, MobiCloud, and CloudSim Projects. Also, if you have some of those resources please let me know 

The following article may help:

In Fog computing, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network edge rather than transfer to cloud for processing.So all processing is done at smart devices in the network not in the cloud,In Mobile cloud computing the mobile devices and cloud computing combine to create a new infrastructure and data processing and data storage are outside of mobile devices (at the cloud).

fully automatic or semiautomatic architecture can be configure. U need to assign the no of tiers or the levels and then nominate the functionality/ data to each level and the associate it with multiple actors  

CloudSim supports VM provisioning at two levels: first, at the host level and second, at the VM level. At the host level, it is possible to specify how much of the overall processing power of each core will be assigned to each VM. At the VM level, the VM assigns a fixed amount of the available processing power to the individual application services (task units) that are hosted within its execution engine.

And at each level, CloudSim implements the time-shared and space-shared provisioning policies.

So, you have to decide which provision you want to use to calculate your throughput.

Plus there is an inbuilt functionalites in Cloudsim to check the throughput based on the above parameters.

Hi Saikat,

Based on Cloud Security Alliance's (CSA) v3 scopes, there are 14 domains you can choose from to perform your cloud security research.  These include:

1) Cloud Computing Architectural Framework

2) Governance and Enterprise Risk Management

3) Legal Issues: Contracts & Electronic Discovery

4) Compliance & Audit Management

5) Information Management & Data Security

6) Interoperability & Portability

7) Traditional Security, Business Continuity & Discovery Recovery

8) Data Center Operations

9) Incident Response

10) Application Security

11) Encryption & Key Management

12) Identity, Entitlement & Access Management

13) Virtualization

14) Security as a Service

The CSA website link is: cloudsecurityalliance.org.  All the best.

Regards,

Fung

While you wait for better answers (among other things, I have not played with CloudSim) there is a network emulator (EmulNet) provided in the Cloud Computing Concepts MOOC from The University of Illinois that is good enough to implement and test membership protocols. Therefore I am sure it can be used to test discovery and other distributed algorithms as well.

Cloud storage is the super set of cloud file. 

Example of Cloud Storage : S3, Database as Service, Elastic Block storage 

As the optimizeAllocation method of the VmAllocationPolicy class is responsible for determining the list of VMs to be migrated, which is evaluated if the isDisableMigrations method of the PowerDatacenter class return false, it is recommended to implement your custom migration behaviour in a subclass of VmAllocationPolicy.

According to CloudSim's documentation, migration behaviour is defined as

"VM migration delay = RAM / bandwidth 

we use BW / 2 to model BW available for migration purposes, the other half of BW is for VM communication  around 16 seconds for 1024 MB using 1 Gbit/s network"

It is always normal. If u just flood a DDoS on any server whether it is hotmail, gmail or yahoo. It does the same service. You cannot do any thing on their behalf. You job is how to identify a normal and abnormal push. Just leave the google part and when u are successful then do propose it as a solution for the google. This is what we call it fruitful research

I'm not sure I understand the question, or how precisely you are using this term "trust." My general answer is that trust has to be established end to end, between Internet (aka "cloud") clients, or between clients and servers. Perhaps when you say "provider side," you are referring to the server and not the network.

Some aspects of security also involve the Internet itself, e.g. authentication of routing protocol messages, however these would be insufficient to protect client messages.

I see nothing in "cloud computing" that changes the basic Internet security framework, as described in RFC 4301, and the mechanisms described in RFCs 4302, 4303, and 5996 (authentication only, encryption and authentication, and key exchange).

But perhaps this RAND document organizes the topics in more "cloud oriented" terms.

Hi Amit,

i would tend to say that it depends in the requested service. Maybe some services would only be possibly executed in a mobile device, like contextualization. All services that could be deployed to a central cloud instances should usually be offloaded.

Cheers,

  Marc

In my opinion, currently there is no proven tool to implement caching in mobile cloud computing.  I believe, you have to implement your own cache based on allocating some storage area on the cloud and provide traditional schemes to access it.  You may think of the cache access policy. Don't invest more time to search for a specific tool. Treat the cache as the demand paged memory management technique.

Hi Rakesh,

2 more links for your perusal:

Regards,

Fung

I am not sure if you are interested in this since it is - in most cases - not a "core component"; and you were looking for core components in your questions

But there is a component that is not migratable without special precautionary measure: the vTPM which stands for virtual Trusted Platform Module.

If you are further interested in this let me know I can give you more details; For the moment I just give you some links/papers on the issue:

Xinlong Liang; Rui Jiang; Huafeng Kong, "Secure and reliable VM-vTPM migration in private cloud," Instrumentation and Measurement, Sensor Network and Automation (IMSNA), 2013 2nd International Symposium on

My paper is not about VM migration in particular but you can use it as an introduction to TPM if you like:

look at this

(1)https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gandhi_Bipinchandra?ev=prf_highl

(2) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gandhi_Bipinchandra/publication/265058807_IRA_Technique_for_Desktop-as-a-Service_in_Cloud_Environment/links/53fdcf060cf2364ccc0911b0?origin=publication_detail

(3)https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gandhi_Bipinchandra/publication/265058562_Survey_on_Resource_Management_Strategies_for_Desktop-as-a-Service_in_Cloud_Environment/links/53fdc8f20cf2364ccc090710?origin=publication_detail

Cloud  Simulators :-

OpenNebula ,OpenStack, and Eucalyptus., CloudSim, GreenCloud, iCanCloud, NetworkCloudSim, VirtualCloud, MDCSim and CloudAnalyst

Mobile Simulators :-

microsoft app-v , softricity

have a look on

(1) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gandhi_Bipinchandra/publication/265058807_IRA_Technique_for_Desktop-as-a-Service_in_Cloud_Environment/links/53fdcf060cf2364ccc0911b0?origin=publication_detail

(2) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gandhi_Bipinchandra/publication/265058562_Survey_on_Resource_Management_Strategies_for_Desktop-as-a-Service_in_Cloud_Environment/links/53fdc8f20cf2364ccc090710?origin=publication_detail

ok.thank you.

if i want to do research in power management for cpu scheduling using cloud sim.

is there any good paper on this?.

thank u sir @Muhammad Zakarya sir for replay and give info me.

Hi Jong Hoon,

well, that's a tricky topic. 

As Bhaskar already pointed out, some people do even think that it doesn't make any sense to provide Cloud Computing service on mobile devices. I strongly disagree with this, BUT i believe that the perspective for Cloud Computing services on mobile devices needs to be a different one compared to usual Cloud Computing services. If you are interested in this, please have a look at the following publication:

M. Jansen. About the Necessity to Change the Perspective for Mobile Web Services. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Web Systems Evolution, 2013

Furthermore, i usually understand Web Services as one of the core enabling technologies for Cloud Computing enrivonments. Therefore, it might also be interesting for you to have a look at a publication we have published about an environment that allows to deploy standard Web Services to mobile devices:

M. Jansen. About an Architecture That Allows to Become a Mobile Web Service Provider. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services

And about using it for mobile Cloud Computing:

M. Jansen. About Using Mobile Devices as Cloud Service Providers. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science.

Furthermore, some colleagues of mine already integrated this kind of technology into a mobile Cloud Computing environment:

J. Guillen,  J. Miranda, J. Berrocal, J. Garcia-Alonso, J.M. Murillo, C. Canal. 

People as a Service: A Mobile-centric Model for Providing Collective Sociological Profiles. In: Software, IEEE (Volume:31 , Issue: 2 )

M. Jansen, J. Miranda, J.M. Murillo. Implementation of Asynchronous Mobile Web Services. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, 2014

So, if you are interested in this topic, i would appreciate getting into further contact with you about it.

Cheers,

  Marc

This could be Mobile cloud computing (MCC) or CC. In both the cases the problem is same but in MCC we do care of light weight applications

Openmobster

Answer: Taking advantage of these new mediums and exploiting them to their full potential. The challenge is getting people to think outside of the education box. The development and deployment of MOOCs today is similar to when movies were first made. If you look at films from the 1920s and 30s, you'll notice that films were presented as stage productions. Example, the Marx Brother's film "Duck Soup."

Eventually, in the 1940s, filmmakers started to see movies as its own medium that wasn't confined to the limitations of stage productions. That's when we start to see Film Noir, then "Citizen Cain" with its revolutionary camera angles, and after that, Alfred Hitchcock's cinematic formulas of filming 2-person scenes.

In the same respect, on-line courses are still treating the medium like a typical classroom; Teacher lectures, go home and read textbook. But we don't need to do that anymore. MOOCs can be designed for multiple educational delivery methods. They can be developed to be adjustable to multiple learning styles and to add assistive devices to neutralize the disadvantages of the learning disabled. We have the technology to create and deliver multimedia entertainment to promote passive learning and reinforce society as a whole to become life-long learners.

Unfortunately, the people who have the companies, the political power and/or access to the money needed to develop education in this manner don't see the big picture yet. They don't see the full potential of MOOCs. It's very difficult to convince people who have been doing the same things in the same way for decades, that they need to change. What's more, before you can show the potential of alternative educational delivery methods, you first have to get past the HR department of the companies that have the infrastructure and resources to develop MOOCs. The typical HR department is limited by the specific requests of the departments in their company. The problem is, they don't know what they don't know, and can't tell their HR people to hire someone with the specific qualifications to create a delivery method they don't know they need.

Hope this answer helps.

In that case, you must perform your tests in real environment (on real mobile devices). No simulator is going to help you in this regard.

As a side note, my PhD is on the same topic :)

To answer your question we need to look at how clouds work. Generally speaking Allocation means that a resource is available for use while scheduling means that it is actually planned for use in the near future. Now if the resource can be actually used, is another issue and this is where online rescheduling occurs. In the cloud context the term resource can mean two different things as seen next. Moving to clouds we should be aware that there are two levels of allocation/scheduling: the platform level where virtual machines are allocated and user tasks are scheduled for execution on them; and the infrastructure level where physical machines are allocated and virtual machines are scheduled to run on them.