Shahid Karim

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Faculty Member at Xi'an Eurasia University

In this study, we develop a graphene-trenched silicon Schottky junction for humidity sensing. This novel structure comprises suspended graphene bridging etched trenches on a silicon substrate, creating both free-standing and substrate-contacting regions of graphene that enhance water adsorption sensing. Suspended graphene is intrinsically insensiti...

The aim of this study is to discover how attitudes can act as a moderator of the positive impacts of using online learning platforms To study the causal links among the dependent, mediating, and independent variables, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used The model was developed and tested using data from an online distance learners (ODL) su...

The idea behind layered design is the foundation of the Internet of Things. Each tier uses a variety of technologies for capacity, preparation, and information transmission. With regard to the risks and vulnerabilities related to IoT-enabled devices, as well as potential assurance mechanisms in light of equipment constraints and novel information t...

The proliferation of multimedia-based deepfake content in recent years has posed significant challenges to information security and authenticity, necessitating the use of methods beyond dependable dynamic detection. In this paper, we utilize the powerful combination of Deep Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Transfer Learning (TL) to introd...

The Internet of Multimedia Things, or IoMT, has grown significantly in the modern era. Major IoMT applications, like video surveillance and image processing, are used to monitor real-time settings in smart cities. A number of frameworks and techniques were put forth to improve IoT solutions. IoMT services must comply with user preferences and addre...

An examination of different distributed real-time applications operating on the blockchain platform is conducted. These applications can be broadly classified into three types: permissionless public, permissioned private, and consortium chains. In order for a decentralized network to function independently, consensus mechanisms are needed to facili...

This paper introduces a new method for traffic anomaly identification within the Faster R-CNN framework by combining the DenseNet module with the region proposals (RPs) processing block. The suggested approach seeks to improve feature extraction and RP creation in aerial imagery or CCTV frames to get beyond the drawbacks of the current methods. Dis...

Nowadays, Blockchain is very popular among industries to solve security issues of information systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) has security issues during multi-organization communication, and any organization approves no such robust framework. The combination of blockchain technology with IoT makes it more secure and solves the problem of mult...

Detecting copyright material and piracy, especially in videos, is a dedicated challenge in marketing, advertisement, and industry. The issue of video piracy has become increasingly significant. This paper introduces a video-based pattern recognition method that classifies a copyrighted video through images. More precisely, the research has concentr...

In past decayed with ages, numerous lives are in danger frequently as the patients are not timely and properly operated. Furthermore, constant parameter cannot be accurately estimated at home such as in the hospitals. In underprivileged areas of Pakistan, the caretakers do not have much instinct and right devices to follow the patient's situation....

The smart mirror helps humans to use their time effectively. It serves as the simple mirror and allows the user to see important updates and control electrical appliances simultaneously. Smart mirror is developed to let the user do multi-tasks while he was leaving from home. This system consists of two applications one is the smart mirror applicati...

In this paper a novel eye-tracking device designed which uses tiny CCD cameras to capture the eye image from the screen with the help of a video capture card. In the head gesture control mode, a light source projector is turned on and the CCD camera detects the position of the light source. The locations of the spots on the screen and on the image...

Web applications play a vital role in modern digital world. Their pervasiveness is mainly underpinned by numerous technological advances that can often lead to misconfigurations, thereby opening a way for a variety of attack vectors. The rapid development of E-commerce, big data, cloud computing and other technologies, further enterprise services a...

Perovskite materials are used extensively in the area of material science for theoretical computations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used in this study to determine the properties of the cubic halide perovskite LaMnX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I). These compounds contain PM3M-221 space groups and a cubic structure. They were created via...

The human brain is an incredible and wonderful organ that governs all body actions. Due to its great importance, any defect in the shape of its regions should be reported quickly to reduce the death rate. The abnormal region segmentation helps to plan and monitor the treatment. The most critical procedure is isolating normal and abnormal tissues fr...

Pakistan views cyberspace as a critical source of power in the twenty-first century when governments no longer have complete control over power games. Private entities, terrorist groups, criminals, and people, on the other hand, are prominent players in cyberspace, offering unpredictable and multifaceted cyber risks to sensitive networks and infras...

Traveling demand increased rapidly on the roads of big cities. Traffic congestion is observed on a regular basis and causes serious problems for citizens. It is a vital need in larger cities to deal with the problem of overcrowded roads because Traffic congestion has negative consequences on daily routines and activities. All of the factors that ca...

With the rapid increase in human household waste due to urbanization, garbage classification has become a critical issue in environmental protection. The traditional manual classification method is no longer sufficient to meet the growing demand, highlighting the need for an efficient and accurate garbage classification and identification system. T...

Images are obtained by perceiving the sunlight reflected by objects or scenes, and due to limited solar irradiance, spatial resolution certainly decreases. In contrast, multispectral sensors retain the spatial information of ground objects even though the obtained images only have a few bands, which means that the obtained images have high spatial...

Online education was widely launched worldwide with the increasing impact of Covid-19 and multiple online platforms were developed or improved due to their demands. Several surveys have been conducted to analyze the Covid-19 impact on education, revealing the importance of information and communication technology (ICT). This epidemic has significan...

The rapid growth of internet usage and its various applications , such as banking, shopping, social networks, and other business-related activities, has moved people closer to cyberspace. The implications of this growth have also come to Pakistan, where cyber security and threats are becoming an essential aspect of cyberspace. This paper will discu...

Nowadays, video streaming is very popular around the world, users use video streaming to watch online movies, education, and do office work. Video streaming is referred to as the transmission of video content, live or recorded from server/cloud to end-users. Video and music files are prearranged and transmitted in sequential packets of data so they...

Due to digitalization, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have significantly enhanced their efficiency and productivity in the past few years. The process to automate SME transaction execution is getting highly multifaceted as the number of stakeholders of SMEs is connecting, accessing, exchanging, adding, and changing the transactional exec...

As one of the simplest methods to construct snapshot spectral imagers, multispectral filter array (MSFA) has been applied to commercial miniatured spectral imagers. While most of them have fixed configurations of spectral channels, lacking flexibility and replaceability. Moreover, conventional MSFA only comprises filtering channels but lacks the pa...

The ultimate image with important information and better visuals can be obtained by fusing infrared and visual images. Several fusion methods consist of complex networks to derive the finest parameters from different source images and do not exploit reliable and salient information completely. To avoid the limitations of information loss and fusion...

Multiple imaging modalities can be combined to provide more information about the real world than a single modality alone. Infrared images discriminate targets with respect to their thermal radiation differences, and visible images are promising for texture details. On the other hand, polarized images deliver intensity and polarization information,...

Demosaicking has recently been extensively studied and has achieved significant progress via deep learning. However, all the examples are trained in a supervised manner with the attendance of full-resolution polarization images, which has been compromised for practical applications. In this Letter, we propose to recover full-resolution images from...

The rapid enhancement in the development of information technology has driven the development of human facial image recognition. Recently, facial recognition has been successfully applied in several distinct domains with the help of computing and information technology. This kind of application plays a significant role in the process of digital for...

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is a pertinent technique to provide meaningful information about unique objects in the medical field. In this paper, the basic principles, imaging methods, comparisons, and current advances in the medical applications of HSI are discussed to accentuate the importance of HSI in the medical field. To date, there are numero...

In the transmission of medical images, if the image is not processed, it is very likely to leak data and personal privacy, resulting in unpredictable consequences. Traditional encryption algorithms have limited ability to deal with complex data. e chaotic system is characterized by randomness and ergodicity, which has advantages over traditional en...

Object detection in optical remote sensing imagery is being explored to deal with arbitrary orientations and complex appearance which is still a major issue in recent years. To perceive a better solution to the addressed problem, the post-processing of bounding boxes (BBs) has been evaluated and discussed for the applications of object detection. I...

The smart mirror helps humans to use their time effectively. It serves as the simple mirror and allows the user to see important updates and control electrical appliances simultaneously. Smart mirror is developed to let the user do multi-tasks while he was leaving from home. This system consists of two applications one is the smart mirror applicati...

In this paper a novel eye-tracking device designed which uses tiny CCD cameras to capture the eye image from the screen with the help of a video capture card. In the head gesture control mode, a light source projector is turned on and the CCD camera detects the position of the light source. The locations of the spots on the screen and on the image...

Network intrusion can enter the network through informal channels. Some illegal users utilize Trojans and self-programmed attack to change the network security system, so that the system loses the defense and alarm function and the Hacker can steal the internal information. Network intrusion seriously harms the security of network information and t...

Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) used for fault diagnosis and process monitoring for systems. It is expected that the information to be examined isn't self-connected. However, the most large-scale chemical industrial plants are nonlinear in nature so these techniques do not cope with them, invalid in nature. To fulf...

In this paper, Quality of Experience (QoE) is used to assess and improve Bank's customer satisfaction and provide quality of service (QoS) according to their demands. QoE based web platform was developed for the assessment of customer satisfaction. The Eclipse Neon Enterprise Edition was used for the design and development of platform and MySQL dat...

Currently, medical image segmentation has attracted more attention from researchers, which can assist in medical diagnosis. However, in the process of traditional medical image segmentation, it is sensitive to the initial contour and noise, which is difficult to deal with the weak edge image, complex iterative process. In this paper, we propose a n...

Traditional object detection algorithms and strategies are difficult to meet the requirements of data processing efficiency, performance, speed and intelligence in object detection. Through the study and imitation of the cognitive ability of the brain, deep learning can analyze and process the data features. It has a strong ability of visualization...

Airport detection in remote sensing images is an important process which plays a significant role in military and civil areas. Mostly, conventional algorithms have been used for airport detection from a small-scale remote sensing image and revealed the less efficient ability of searching the object from a large-scale high-resolution remote sensing...

To address the low accuracy problem of playground detection under complex background, the accurate playground localization based on multi-feature extraction and cascade classifier is proposed in this paper. It is difficult to utilize this information to separate objects from the complex background. Therefore, we adopt multi-feature extraction metho...

Currently, gesture recognition provides a faster, simpler, convenient, effective and more natural way for human-computer interaction, which has been widely concerned. Gesture recognition plays an important role in real life. The manual feature extraction in traditional gesture recognition methods is time-consuming and strenuous. Moreover, in order...

Medical image segmentation is one of the hot issues in the related area of image processing. Precise segmentation for medical images is a vital guarantee for follow-up treatment. At present, however, low gray contrast and blurred tissue boundaries are common in medical images, and the segmentation accuracy of medical images cannot be effectively im...

Vehicle detection in remote sensing imagery is a prominent issue over the last few years. In this application, the processing of optical remote sensing images becomes critical due to the complex environment, large size, occlusions and color variations. However, several approaches have been proposed to improve the training process but still, the eff...

As the continuous development of mobile social network, the structure of mobile social network increasingly becomes complex. It not only speeds up the information transmission between people, but also expands the scope of information exchange, which has become an essential and important social media in people’s social life. How to effectively ident...

Currently, big data is a new and hot issue. Particularly, the rapid growth of the Internet of Things causes a sharp growth of data. Enormous amounts of networking sensors are continuously collecting and transmitting data to be stored and processed in the cloud, including remote sensing data, environmental data, and geographical data. And region is...

Affected by many software and hardware environments, new media and cloud computing is becoming an innovative technology widely used in the world. The application range of technology is increasing sharply, and it has been applied in physical education field. The rapid development of cloud computing and new media technology has brought earthshaking c...

Fog computing is extending cloud computing by transferring computation on the edge of networks such as mobile collaborative devices or fixed nodes with built-in data storage, computing, and communication devices. Fog gives focal points of enhanced proficiency, better security, organize data transfer capacity sparing and versatility. With a specific...

Fog computing is extending cloud computing by transferring computation on the edge of networks such as mobile collaborative devices or fixed nodes with built-in data storage, computing, and communication devices. Fog gives focal points of enhanced proficiency, better security, organize data transfer capacity sparing and versatility. With a specific...

Feature matching is the core stage for object recognition, tracking and several applications of computer vision. Low resolution images have various limitations with respect to spatial, spectral, pixel and temporal information which reduces the performance of image processing approaches. We have combined SURF features with FAST and BRISK features in...

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) development is very important for the development of Pakistan and China. Studies on theoretical perspectives on economic corridor can help us to know and understand the development through transport corridors. The current study will elaborate CPEC with relation to some theories i.e. evidence based policy, dev...

Satellite imagery is being used to monitor agriculture fields, vehicle detection, surveillance and remote sensing. In this paper, we proposed large vehicle detection to monitor the status on route of China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC). In the present experiments, the region of interests extracted from more than thousand images through differen...

Waypoint-based trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor UAV with robust performance attributes requires the generation of dynamically feasible and smooth trajectories. The smoothness of these trajectories relies on the adopted interpolation methods along with the constraints being considered (e.g. velocity, acceleration, and input constraints etc...

With the ever-increasing amount and complexity of remote sensing image data, the development of large-scale image segmentation analysis algorithms has not kept pace with the need for methods that improve the final accuracy of object recognition. In particular, the development of such methods for large scale images poses a considerable challenge. Tr...

Vehicle detection has a huge contribution in the field of remote sensing and satellite imagery has been used in several applications of remote sensing such as traffic surveillance, object tracking, earth observation, and development planning. The low resolution images and poor visual of object is significant issue satellite imagery. To make an impo...

Video sharing on social clouds is popular among the users around the world. High-Definition (HD) videos have big file size so the storing in cloud storage and streaming of videos with high quality from cloud to the client are a big problem for service providers. Social clouds compress the videos to save storage and stream over slow networks to prov...

Feature extraction techniques are extensively being used in satellite imagery and getting impressive attention for remote sensing applications. The state-of-the-art feature extraction methods are appropriate according to the categories and structures of the objects to be detected. Based on distinctive computations of each feature extraction method,...

With the rapid growth of science and technology, more piezoelectric devices should be used in high-temperature environment. Commercially using PZT piezoelectric ceramics have a low curie temperature (<150°C). So the present study is focused on synthesis and characterization of high Curie temperature piezoelectric ceramics. As a kind of excellent hi...

The structure and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Tbi-xGdxFe2 system have been studied through the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), a phase boundary between two ferroic phases of different crystal symmetry. Morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) has been studied extensively for its extraordinary enhancement effect in ferroelectrics. Based on same...