Afaq Ahmad

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Verified

Afaq verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD, M.Sc. Eng., B.Sc. Eng., PG Diploma
• Professor at Modern College of Business and Science

With the use of MATLAB-SIMULINK a simple tool has been developed to compute the controllabilities of nodes as well as branches of digital system networks. The primary advantage of this tool may be for such conditions where the study of controllability analysis of a system with different possible designs is required to give an optimal design solutio...

This paper presents a computer based diagnostic tool developed to facilitate the learning process. The developed tool is capable of generating possible error syndromes associated with the answers received. The developed tool simulates the error pattern of the test results and then accordingly models the action plan to help in children’s learning pr...

This paper presents modified version of a realistic test tool suitable to Design For Testability (DFT) and Built-In Self Test (BIST) environments. A comprehensive tool is developed in the form of a test simulator. The simulator is capable of providing a required goal of test for the Circuit Under Test (CUT). The simulator uses the approach of fault...

The Aflaj irrigation system of Oman represents one of the world’s oldest and most remarkable examples of traditional water management, embodying centuries of accumulated knowledge, social cooperation, and environmental adaptation. This paper explores the heritage and long history of the Omani Aflaj, tracing their technological evolution and their c...

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by enabling advanced understanding of texts, its generation, along with reasoning across diverse domains. However, despite their impressive linguistic fluency, LLMs remain vulnerable to hallucinations, the generation of factually incorrect, fa...

The accelerating climate crisis and global resource constraints demand innovative ideas and, technology driven solutions. This paper explores the role of robotics and emerging technologies such as AI, advanced sensing, and smart materials in addressing key sustainability challenges across sectors like agriculture, energy, and manufacturing. Through...

Unlike the traditional linear models of economic growth, which are based on a 'take-make-consume-throw away' pattern, a Circular Economy (CE) is based on sharing, leasing, reuse, repair, refurbishment and recycling, in an (almost) closed loop, where products and the materials they contain are highly valued. In true sense practice, it implies reduci...

The global pursuit of decarbonization is no longer a choice but a necessity. As nations grapple with the realities of climate change, a clear consensus is emerging only bold, immediate, and sustained action can shift the world from a trajectory of rising emissions toward a state of climate equilibrium. This chapter examines scientific urgency, expl...

Switching to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is one of the key directions that is aimed to achieve the goal of sustainable environment through addressing the issue of the climate change. Like every transition to transformation challenges are bound to come. The most challenging issue is the distraction of the potential buyer due to limited range and prolong...

Although, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is a widely used structure in cryptography, particularly for generating Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences (PRBS) that can be used in stream ciphers. In Data Encryption Standard (DES) cryptography technique, LFSR is not a fundamental component of the technique, however, during the various processes of the...

Green Computing also has coined name as Sustainable Computing, is the practice of responsible and efficient designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computing devices and systems in an environmentally responsible and energy efficient manner. Green Computing aims to minimize the negative environmental effect of computing technologies and pr...

This abstract discovers how strategic planning and evolving, and the transformative impact of technologies can support business sustainability. Business sustainability is a mandatory corporate strategy for all the organization as part of survival and growth to sustain in the market. It is facing a remarkable as part of corporate strategy in the org...

Use of drones is an indication of urbanization. There are many societal acceptance factors that need to be assessed for urban drones. This work also emphasizes on the future of blockchain as a novel technology in the upcoming decade. Acceptance of this novel technology will substantially increase the effectiveness and efficiency of future delivery...

In the commercial sector, a newly formed enterprise is directed by an entrepreneur to make and market new services, and products. The identification of hopeful companies is required by investors and creditors. Hence, the prediction of startup survival evaluates the potential capability and development of a new commercial venture. Hence, this paper...

The chapter analyze energy security in the era of decarburization. It explores the vulnerabilities and policy dilemmas that arise as states attempt to balance climate commitments with national interests.

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has emerged as a powerful catalyst for educational empowerment and digital inclusion, particularly within underserved and resource-constrained communities around the world. By providing freely accessible, modifiable, and distributable software, FOSS removes significant financial and technical barriers that often...

Abstract Predictive modeling plays a crucial role in modern data analysis, enabling accurate forecasting and decision-making across domains such as finance, healthcare, and engineering. While traditional regression techniques have long been the cornerstone of prediction tasks, the advent of machine learning models such as Support Vector Machines (S...

Multi-Valued Logic (MVL) systems, particularly quaternary (4-level) and ternary (3-level) logic circuits, present promising alternatives to traditional binary logic in Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) design. By encoding more information per signal, MVL systems can potentially reduce interconnect complexity and enhance data density, addressing t...

The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and image-based analysis has opened new avenues for intelligent decision-making in precision agriculture. This paper presents a hybrid approach that combines real-time environmental data from IoT-based sensor networks with morphological image processing techniques to monitor crop health, opti...

The semiconductor industry is a cornerstone of modern technological advancement, underpinning innovations in computing, communications, automotive systems, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Over the past few decades, the industry has witnessed exponential growth, driven by Moore’s Law, advances in fabrication technology, and rising global demand fo...

The tremendous advancement of digitization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping, transforming and redefining the landscape of management science. This paper explores how these technological forces are redefining traditional decision-making paradigms, operational processes, and strategic frameworks within organizations. By exa...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing agriculture by offering innovative solutions to enhance productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. AI-driven technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, and robotics are being increasingly integrated into agricultural practices to tackle challenges such as climate change, resource scarc...

Hereditary Angioedema or HAE is a rare autosomal dominant disease leading to three major types of acute swelling and is known to be triggered by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the key clinical features of HAE and to compare and analyze the available management options and potential new manag...

The prediction of solar power generation is essential for effective integration of renewable energy into power grids, aiding in grid stability, energy planning, and efficient resource allocation. Due to the inherent variability of solar energy caused by factors like weather patterns, time of day, and seasonal changes, machine learning (ML) has appe...

Use of drones is an indication of urbanization. There are many societal acceptance factors that need to be assessed for urban drones. This work also emphasizes on the future of blockchain as a novel technology in the upcoming decade. Acceptance of this novel technology will substantially increase the effectiveness and efficiency of future delivery...

Profile in relation to conferences

Switching to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is one of the key directions that is aimed to achieve the goal of sustainable environment through addressing the issue of the climate change. Like every transition to transformation challenges are bound to come. The most challenging issue is the distraction of the potential buyer due to limited range and prolong...

This abstract discovers how strategic planning and evolving, and the transformative impact of technologies can support business sustainability. Business sustainability is a mandatory corporate strategy for all the organization as part of survival and growth to sustain in the market. It is facing a remarkable as part of corporate strategy in the org...

In the commercial sector, a newly formed enterprise is directed by an entrepreneur to make and market new services, and products. The identification of hopeful companies is required by investors and creditors. Hence, the prediction of startup survival evaluates the potential capability and development of a new commercial venture. Hence, this paper...

Although, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is a widely used structure in cryptography, particularly for generating Pseudo-Random Binay Sequences (PRBS) that can be used in stream ciphers. In Data Encryption Standard (DES) cryptography technique, LFSR is not a fundamental component of the technique, however, during the various processes of the...

Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) have pivotal role in modern cryptography. Although, the theory of number systems, Galois Field GF(2n) and modular arithmetic were developed since inception of the use of LFSRs in the field of VLSI testing, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), and Ciphering and Deciphering. In the beginning, there was major gap betw...

The structural model of Feistel Cipher contains an important design, which is used to develop many block ciphers techniques such as Data Encryption Standard (DES). A unique feature of Feistel Cipher is that it may have invertible, non-invertible and self-invertible sub-functions in its design. Based on the principle of many rounds, the Feistel Ciph...

Market trends of Electric Vehicles reflect its popularity. In current experiencing scenario the significant growth and development of Electric Vehicles worldwide show that, the Electric Vehicles gain its popularity as a viable and sustainable transportation option. According to the available data, the worldwide Electric Vehicles market size reached...

Cybersecurity is an essential and important practice and procedures to protect all categories of data from theft and damage. Cybersecurity consists of all the technologies and practices that keep computer systems and electronic data safe. Information security, which encompasses the strategies and technologies implemented and utilized to safeguard c...

In teaching and learning, the effectiveness of pedagogies centers around a range of teaching techniques. Adapting the techniques encompasses a comprehensive guide for teachers, structured and whole-class group work, guided learning, assessment practice, and individual activity. Creating a deliberate and effective pedagogy in teaching and learning i...

Keynote address: With highly explosive technology growth, cybersecurity has become a pivotal element in all IT based applications. Hence, the field of cybersecurity is vital and growing very fast. In 2021, the global security market was valued USD 217.65 billion and the forecast is that the market shall grow at a CAGR of 9.7% during forecast period...

Since energy and its sustainability are key global issues, extensive research is currently underway to advance the emerging energy sector. Hydrogen is anticipated to assume a substantial role as a worldwide energy carrier in forthcoming energy frameworks. Oman has set an ambitious target to annually produce one million tons of green hydrogen by 204...

Since energy and its sustainability are key global issues, extensive research is currently underway to advance the emerging energy sector. Hydrogen is anticipated to assume a substantial role as a worldwide energy carrier in forthcoming energy frameworks. Oman has set an ambitious target to annually produce one million tons of green hydrogen by 204...

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk (RAID) is a hardware or software based Fault Tolerant (FT) technology, which provide data redundancy. Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk in turn improves capacity and performance using a logical array of hard disks. In the array data is stored, using different technologies like striping, mirroring and parity bas...

A Resolver performs the same function as an encoder. The sole function is to transmit feedback on the angle of rotation and rotation speed of their shaft (rotor). Resolver is an analogue rotary position sensor, which can regulate speed, position or torque through digital impulses. As the primary stator, winding receives a high frequency sinusoidal...

Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) are play key role in testing of for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Integrated Circuits (ICs) testing. Due to tremendous IC complex growth, testing of recent VLSI ICs technology have become more complicated. This led to develop a popular alternate viable solution in the form of Built-In Self-Test (BIST) t...

This research paper is aimed to present a real-time failure detection technique while working with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and interfaced Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). In this research, we explored the feasibility of currently available innovative Deep Learning (DL) algorithms to detect the defects in variety of PCBs. In our proposed...

Smart Grid is significantly being initiated in all fields due to their extensive use of IT, monitoring, protection, and automation control. Safety, integrity, privacy and dependability of data with long-term sustainability using green sources of energy. Ensuring perfection in their implementation is a herculean task amidst varying environments. Thi...

Smart Grid is significantly being initiated in all fields due to their extensive use of IT, monitoring, protection, and automation control. Safety, integrity, privacy and dependability of data with long-term sustainability using green sources of energy. Ensuring perfection in their implementation is a herculean task amidst varying environments. Thi...

Semiconductor chips incorporate a large number of smaller memories. As memories contribute an expected 25% to 40% to the overall performance, power and area (PPA) of a product, memories should be planned cautiously to meet the current era's system requirements. Memories are highly uniform and can be described by approximately ten different paramete...

The rising of Internet of Things (IoTs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), 5G/6G technologies, and many other technologies, render the need for high-speed, low footprint implementation of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) versions their Embedded Vision Systems (EVSs). However, the performance of a CRC architecture need to be mapped in terms of Hamming D...

The properties of Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices like high breakdown voltage, high operating voltage, high thermal stability and high electron mobility aids in the integration of power amplifiers, drive circuits and logic circuits based on GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). In this paper, a detailed time delay analysis of the GaN HEMT b...

As of the forecast that by 2030 the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) market would grow up to 25.85 billion USD with growing at a compound annual growth rate of 11.2%. Thereby, FPGAs would continue to grow as highly demanding chips. Due to economics of scale, the nature of product offerings and the cost-volume metrics-favoring firms with low f...

Oman, a country on the Arabian Peninsula is highly rated amongst the most beautiful countries of the world. Tourism in Oman may become one of the largest industries in the nation. Oman, in 2019 attracted over 32% more visitors from around the world when compared to 2017. Oman attracts tourist from developed as well as developing world led by UK and...

Shift Register (SR) is one of the most useful component of digital systems. Associating a feedback with it is termed as Feedback Shift Register (FSR). An FSR with a special feedback is known as Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). There are huge generic devices in the world that uses SR sequences. Solomon Golomb originates the idea of SR sequence...

To deal with growth equations, there are many mathematical functions, models and techniques are used to analyze, predict and synthesize the growth. Some of the common growth equations are: such as exponential growth, geometric growth, logarithmic growth, graph theoretic tree and forest growth. The growth equations are always helped in studies of pr...

Keynote/Invited talk: The intent of this talk is to introduce the idea of a new scheme devised to reduce test power, with employment of a low-transition test pattern generator. Various techniques have been proposed to reduce the test power such as Bit Insertion, Bit swapping. In the proposed scheme, Bit Swapping technique is integrated with pseudor...

There are various types of semiconductor materials such as Germanium (Ge), Silicon (S), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Silicon Carbide (SiC), Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Gallium Phosphide (GaP). In recent years, the GaN has gained a popularity amongst the other semiconductor materials, which is widely used in the fabrication of advanced electronic and powe...

Mathematical Morphology is a technique applied as one of the basic methods of image processing. The technique have been fruitfully applied to many applications in various fields such as agriculture, medical, number plate recognition, and fault detection. The aim of this paper to demonstrate the basics of Mathematical Morphology. The paper will also...

As technological developments has direct impact on social fabric. In the 21st Century social fabrics becomes denser without the constraints of distance, space and time. Thereby, the attributes of education are challenged to be able to make students have language skills in communication, critical thinking, using of technology to solve complex proble...

War itself is a tragedy. The severity of the war grimes the humanity crisis. The biggest challenge of the humanity crisis is refugee crisis. Refugee crisis is in terms of speed and scale, unprecedented since the Second World War. The statistics show no signs of slowing down the present refugee crisis. This paper will highlight this issue based on t...

Embedded Vision (EV) systems rely on advanced Computer Vision (CV) algorithms implemented on programmable embedded computing platforms, where the optimal resource utilization is of paramount importance. Many of these algorithms deliver state-of-the-art accuracy in a myriad of applications, however, they require high computational power and large am...

As a training program.

An Invited Talk Theme: The International Conference on “Quality in Higher Education” to Prepare for Vision; Study in Oman "GHEDEX 2022 added an International Conference on Quality in Higher Education to their exhibition, sessions and panels will be held on March 28-29, 2022 at the Oman Convention and Exhibition Center. The sessions will have pres...

A Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is a digital sequential circuit. Due to its simple, low-cost implementation, it became the basis of many engineering applications. Amongst various enormous applications of LFSRs, some of the popular applications named as pseudo random number generator, pseudo-random noise generator, cryptography, Cyclic Redun...

Internet: Tremendous advances in integration technology have pushed electronic circuits to become more and more complex. On the other hand, high dependability of electronic systems has become a dominant goal in Industrial Revolution (IR4). Therefore, fault diagnosis and fault tolerance have become more important than ever before, and hence demand h...

Appropriate selection of networks plays a significant role in successful handovers in heterogeneous Internet of vehicles (IoV) environments. The research community is currently facing challenges about insufficient information at the mobile terminals for the efficient selection of suitable networks. Recently, some of the wireless technologies that h...

The tremendous increase in complexity of digital systems has put increasingly more attention on reliable design of hardware systems. In the computer industry, digital circuit testing and testability is a common and an easy approach to meet the goals of reliable design requirements. However, the gap between technological advancements in design and a...

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a distributed network supporting V2X communications. Two potential technologies of V2X communications are dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and cellular network technologies. DSRC provides low latency with direct connectivity to connect vehicles in a distributed manner. However, it suffers from reliability and...

We are living in a world, that has been gripped by Covid’19. In pre Covid’19 era, we took our breathing and our respiratory health for granted. Covid’19 reaffirms that the lung is a vital organ that is vulnerable to airborne infection and injury. Even in pre Covid’19 era pulmonary diseases were of concern and the presence of Covid’19 has perplexed...

Portable computing and personal communication devices require high speed and also low power consumption. As for as power reduction is concerned the use of Gray code is beneficial because of the reduction of signal switching activity. Looking forward the applications of Gray code, this paper proposes a novel design for Binary to Gray code encoders a...

In fast technological transforming society, the safety, security and endangering of social, moral and ethical values of the school children are of great concern for the parents. The one of the parameters to control this most vulnerable aspects is to record, log and report the students movement. Through this paper the authors wish to present a low c...

The early detection of skin cancer (Melanoma) is very important for early treatment. Nowadays, skin cancer is considered as one of the most dangerous diseases in the world. Many different types of skin cancers can occur, but the most three common types of them are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Melanoma. The new techn...

The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) industry is expanding both in market share and in innovation. The tailored FPGA features make them a better choice to include FPGA in an increasing number of applications in the upcoming years. A constant development of FPGA technology has led to minimize the gap of performance levels between FPGA and Applic...

Assurance of software reliability is an important factor in software applications, and the process of software testing has become one of the essential requirements in software development. Many software reliability growth models have been developed based on non-homogeneous Poisson process, which incorporates logistic testing effort function. The pa...

Analyzing electrical system circuits, it is important step to involve the procedure for solving equations. For any circuit analysis problem, the first step of this procedure consists selecting a number of independent branch currents and then formulating in the form of KCLs. Alternately, writing KVLs involves number of independent node pair voltages...

Migration is a phenomenon based on principle of push and pull. The people will be pulled to some destination, which has many attractive opportunities. Simultaneously, various situations push the people to leave the place where they born and lived life. According to the report of International Organization for Migration (IOM) 2020, which indicated t...

Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) generators are of vital significance in various fields. However, particularly, in the areas of VLSI testing, cryptography and radio frequency identification. In general, PRBSs are generated Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs). This mainly due to the reasons such as simplicity of LFSR circuits, low cost of im...

In data communications and storage devices, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Code has been used for error detection. The CRC process depends on predetermined generator polynomial, used the same at transmitter and receiver side. The characteristics of an order of generator polynomial are attributed with many parameters such as reducible, irreducible an...

The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to every field of life. The field of education, which is a fundamental human right for all children and youth, has severely challenged in unprecedented manner by the COVID-19 pandemic. Schools, colleges, universities and institutions have transitioned from in-person to virtual instruction. This f...

News search engines are the exclusive search services for users’ news intake. Providing relevant query to a news search engine, the user gets back a single news result page consisting of various news articles aggregated from thousands of online news sources available on the World Wide Web. The availability and use of major news search engines like...

The advent of deep submicron technology led to growing complexity of circuits and an increase in the design speed, making delay testing necessary for determining correct circuit behavior. Observation of path delay faults requires propagation of transitions in a circuit which is done by application of pair of patterns. This paper proposes a single i...

The food industry has many challenges. Amongst those challenges, the creation of Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode is typical one. Due to unawareness many small to medium sized food producers often think of barcoding products as an expensive burden and cumbersome. However, the familiarization of UPC barcodes provide better understanding about gl...

Through this research paper we will propose the effective and efficient CRC polynomials of 16 and 24 bit lengths. The proposed polynomials will be searched out from the total possible polynomials of 8388608 and 32768 of lengths of 24 and 16 bits respectively. After the search of all primitive polynomials of order 24 and 16, we get 276480 and 2048 p...

The core of the proposed methodology is based on the fact that most of the products have expiry dates, thereby, after scanning the reading "food tagging" which is based on product code technology will be added in the inventory of food items. This will keep track of inventory of food items in the food storage container / box / bay / refrigerator etc...

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) are distributed networks supporting V2X communications. Two potential technologies of V2X communications are Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and cellular network technologies. DSRC provides low latency with direct connectivity to connect vehicles in a distributed manner. However, suffers from reliability and se...