Comparative Analysis - Science topic

How to write a comparative analysis paper?

🔎 In response to the need for a systematic and comprehensive classification of organizational and management theories that can encompass a broad range of perspectives and theories, I have developed a new classification. This classification considers core parameters such as organizational performance (efficiency and effectiveness), factors influencing organizational performance (human beings, human groups, structure, environment, and society), and philosophical foundations of theories. The goal of this classification is to provide a more organized and practical framework for analyzing and comparing organizational and management theories.

In response to the need for a systematic and comprehensive classification of organizational and management theories that can encompass a broad range of perspectives and theories, I have developed a new classification. This classification considers core parameters such as organizational performance (efficiency and effectiveness), factors influencing organizational performance (human beings, human groups, structure, environment, and society), and philosophical foundations of theories. This classification aims to provide a more organized and practical framework for analyzing and comparing organizational and management theories.

This category conceptualizes humans within the framework of industrial modernity, adopting a mechanistic perspective that treats them as the primary resource for organizational production and efficiency. The roots of this approach can be traced back to classical economic thought and scientific management theories, which emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the theories under this category, humans are considered efficient machines tasked with delivering maximum output at minimal cost. Evidently, theories in this category view efficiency, as the organization's paramount goal, as the result of internal production factors. Consequently, external environmental factors hold no significant place in the analysis of organizational essence, performance, or management processes. Within this category, the metaphor of an organization as a machine and humans as tools of production dominates.

The level of analysis here is micro-level, focusing on individual employees. Philosophically, theories in this category regard the organization as a tangible entity and management as an objective process, both of which can be comprehended through a positivist approach. Humans, akin to other tools of production, are utilized within a deterministic cycle. Consequently, addressing organizational and managerial challenges in this category is pursued through rule-based solutions, leaving little room for innovation or inductive reasoning.

This category represents a shift from a mechanistic view of humans to an appreciation of the complexities of human interactions within organizations, with a focus on groups and interpersonal relationships as the core drivers of organizational efficiency. Emerging primarily between the 1920s and 1950s, this perspective was advanced by researchers like Elton Mayo, who demonstrated that informal relationships, emotions, and group dynamics have a more profound impact on organizational efficiency than formal and mechanistic mechanisms. This viewpoint regards humans not as passive tools but as social beings who create meaning and efficiency through their interactions with others.

The level of analysis in this category is meso-level, concentrating on groups and informal structures within work settings. It highlights that organizational efficiency stems not from mechanistic control but from a deeper understanding of employees’ needs, expectations, and social relationships. Theories within this category draw on foundations from social psychology and organizational sociology, emphasizing that workgroups are the primary units for creating meaning and efficiency.

From a philosophical standpoint, these theories still perceive organizations as real phenomena and management as an objective process, which can be understood through a positivist lens. However, they recognize that individuals, while somewhat autonomous, are subjected to forms of compulsion imposed by groups and the organization itself. Methodologically, rule-based approaches continue to dominate research in this category, though there is a transition from purely quantitative measurements to a combination of observation and interpretation in data collection and analysis.

In this category, rooted in organizational sociology and classical management theories, the organizational structure is regarded as the primary determinant of efficiency. These theories, which evolved from the early 20th century through the mid-century decades, assert that the precise design of organizational structures—including hierarchy, division of labor, coordination, and control—can maximize efficiency. Scholars such as Max Weber, with his concept of bureaucracy, and later theorists like James Thompson and Henry Mintzberg, sought to develop optimal organizational models. These models emphasize placing every component in its appropriate position, minimizing friction, and maximizing efficiency.

The level of analysis in this category is macro-level, focusing on the overall architecture of the organization. The approach underscores that efficiency arises from the intelligent design of systems, processes, and organizational relationships rather than solely from the performance of individuals or groups. Theories in this category draw inspiration from engineering sciences, cybernetics, and systems theory, while maintaining a closed-systems perspective. They posit that the closer the organizational structure aligns with a mechanical and machine-like model, the greater its efficiency. Philosophically, these theories follow the same objectivist epistemological foundations as the previous two categories, positioning the science of organization and management on the objective end of the epistemological spectrum.

Theories in this category, influenced by the emerging role of corporate social responsibility, expand the traditional organizational goal of efficiency to include the concept of effectiveness. This category adopts a systemic and interactive view of efficiency and effectiveness, defining the organization not as a closed system but as a dynamic, living entity engaged in continuous interaction with its social environment. Emerging primarily in the 1970s and beyond, this perspective argues that organizational efficiency and effectiveness result not only from internal factors but also from complex, multifaceted interactions between the organization and society.

Thinkers who introduced the concept of open systems, as well as figures like Peter Drucker and Michael Porter who highlighted the importance of creating synergies between organizational and societal interests through social responsibility, transparency, and accountability, belong to this category.

The level of analysis in this category is trans-organizational and inter-organizational, focusing on the intricate relationships between organizations and their external environment. Efficiency and effectiveness are redefined not merely as economic productivity but as an organization’s ability to create social value and align with environmental demands. Theories in this category draw upon disciplines like sociology, institutional economics, and organizational studies, advocating that the boundary between organization and society is not a fixed line but a dynamic, interactive space.

Philosophically, the epistemology and methodology in this category lean towards interpretivist and subjectivist paradigms, though organizations are still largely perceived as real and objective entities. The inclusion of concepts such as social values, however, often necessitates the adoption of nominalist ontologies as well. Furthermore, this category grants individuals a higher level of autonomy within organizational contexts compared to prior categories.

In this category, organizational effectiveness is regarded entirely as a product of broader social systems, where organizations have minimal agency in shaping their goals and directions. This radical approach, rooted in critical theories and post-structuralism, perceives organizations not as independent entities but merely as reflections of larger societal structures. Thinkers like Michel Foucault, Jean-François Lyotard, and Jacques Derrida argued that organizations are mere reproductions of dominant discourses, power relations, and societal structures, with little to no autonomous role in defining their objectives and trajectories.

The level of analysis in this category is distinctly macro, focusing on discursive and cultural dimensions and emphasizing the role of organizations in reproducing and mirroring social structures. Effectiveness is not defined by the achievement of organizational objectives but rather as a direct outcome of social, cultural, and historical processes. Theories within this category draw inspiration from critical theories, post-structuralism, and historical sociology, contending that organizations act as passive entities that merely reflect societal structures rather than independently shaping them.

This perspective shifts organizational knowledge entirely towards interpretivist and subjectivist philosophical foundations, spanning ontology, epistemology, methodology, and the view of human agency and values. However, regarding human agency, influenced by anarchist thought, the shift in perspective becomes even more radical.

💬 Please share your views in the comments section. Your insights will be invaluable for refining and enhancing this academic framework!

#Management #Organization #TheoriesOfManagement #OrganizationalDevelopment #Efficiency #Effectiveness #Research #AcademicDiscussion #OrganizationalTheory #ComparativeAnalysis

I hope this academic post resonates with the goals of your research and facilitates meaningful discussions on ResearchGate. Should you require any adjustments, let me know!

The Protection of Human Rights in the Context of Armed Conflicts: A Comparative

Analysis

please provide the comparative analysis of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and islamic law

Let's consider a hypothetical universe containing only one massive object. Then, what is the relationship between Newton's gravitational force and Einstein's spacetime curvature?

I am doing comparative analysis for phase one (quantitative phase) and phase three (Intervention phase). Before that I needed to compare whether the population of both phases (phase one - 1983; phase three- 493) are directly comparable or not, for that I have conducted a two-proportion Z-test and computed the Z-statistic which is approx. 2.387, suggesting significant results. Could you please provide your comments regarding this?

The text is garbled. How do I fix it?

A comparative analysis of industrialization across the Nigerian Economy

I’m conducting an fsQCA study with data from 200+ companies to identify configurations of organizational capabilities that lead to high (and not high) performance. Each capability (causal condition) is a latent construct measured on a Likert scale using 3 or more reflective indicators.

Many studies simply average the indicators and then calibrate the composite score. While this seems reasonable for reflective constructs, is the mean of indicators truly the best way to represent the construct in fsQCA?

Could an alternative approach be to calibrate each indicator separately (using direct calibration) and then aggregate the fuzzy scores using methods like:

I tried to search for studies but could not find any that utilize the later approach of calibrating survey items' scores separately, followed by aggregation.

Also, do aggregation rules differ for formative constructs compared to reflective ones?

Hi everyone,

I would like to do a fsQCA as part of my master's thesis. For this purpose I have created a conceptual framework from which I have derived my conditions for the fsQCA. I collected data on these conditions via an online survey with 7 point Likert scales. Unfortunately, I only received a small number of participants (n=37). Because I want to test 15 conditions and have only 37 participants I get many ambiguous solution models. Hence my question, would it be possible to perform separate fsQCAs for subsets of the conditions and merge the results (maybe in a " higher-level" fsQCA?)?

Unfortunately, I could not find comparable procedures in the literature. Would this procedure be methodically correct?

I would be very pleased to receive answers!

About 10 years ago, I had a striking conversation with a dental colleague.

He told me that in his personal life, he always made his biggest decisions based purely on feelings, convinced that his feelings would never mislead him.

I was surprised and replied: “You never decide a dental treatment plan based on feelings—so how can you decide your entire life this way?” He answered: “That’s a false analogy!”

This dialogue stayed with me for a decade. Interestingly, after all these years, he is still committed to making such decisions only by feelings—and the outcome has not been constructive.

This experience led me to reflect more deeply on the role of Analogical Reasoning in human life.

In medicine and dentistry, I often use analogies with patients—for example, comparing a tooth root to a building’s foundation, or an implant to a screw in concrete. Analogical reasoning here serves as a language of communication, making science tangible.

In literature and poetry, metaphors, similes, and allegories are branches of the same analogical reasoning. They allow poets to express inner emotions through external images. Much of the beauty of poetry depends on this way of thinking.

In science and research, analogical reasoning has often been an engine of discovery. For instance, the Bohr model of the atom was inspired by analogy to the solar system, and Darwin’s insights on natural selection were supported by analogy to artificial selection. Many interdisciplinary innovations also emerge when scientists borrow analogies from other domains.

Rejecting analogy altogether, in my view, deprives us not only of an important cognitive tool but also of an essential source of human joy, creativity, and communication. After all, analogy is one of the main ways we describe the unknown through the known.

Questions to the community:

Do you see analogical reasoning as a misleading “false analogy” or as a necessary bridge across domains?

How important is it in clinical communication, especially with patients and students?

In literature and art, can expression even exist without analogy?

For scientists: has analogical reasoning ever inspired your research or led you to new insights?

I would love to hear perspectives from colleagues in philosophy, literature, psychology, and medical sciences.

The aim of the research is to compare and contrast the eschatology of both religion, and to explore their interactions and influences.

For those who have taught both adults and younger learners, what similarities and differences have you noticed when applying andragogical principles in a primarily pedagogical classroom?

Want to know quantity of callus used, and types of solvents for extraction process.

I am currently considering a research project focusing on a comparative analysis of starch metabolism in orchids and roses. I am particularly interested in identifying the types and quantities of starch present in these flowers, especially during the flowering and fertilization processes. I hope to uncover unique characteristics of starch metabolism in these ornamental plants and compare them to the findings of some researchers'. However, I realize that this research involves a level of genetic complexity and specific research methods that I am still learning. I am eager to learn more about the appropriate approaches for studying starch metabolism in ornamental plants.

Therefore, I would be grateful if you could provide me with some advice regarding:

Suitable orchid and rose species for such a study

Effective methods for extracting and analyzing starch in flowers

Data analysis techniques.I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further with anyone who's professional in this field. Thank you for your time and consideration.

What would be the effect of distance from CNC cum Heart on the structure and function of a particular part of the human body? Do short people have evolutionary advantages to control body parts in a better and more precise way? Explicit research can be done on this theory by comparative analysis such as the functionality of body parts concerning coordinates of origin as CNS, and short people control-coordination precision compared to tall people. (Does the evolution endorse the better footwork of Messi than Ronaldo? This could be answered too.)

Let me please clarify that what is the main characteristic of Democracy? Secondly, how do you see democracy in Turkey and Pakistan? What is the best democratic between Pakistan and Turkey?

Dear colleagues,

I would like to ask whether it is possible to compare the quality of different models based on the same data but containing different number of variables using IRT analysis, namely Log likelihood, AIC and BIC statistics?

Specifically, I have a model with 36 items and I am gradually eliminating some problem variables and I want to compare the overall quality of the model between each other based on the above statistics?

Is this procedure possible?

Thank you for your answer.

I'm conducting research to understand the best key indicators for performing a comparative analysis among sanitation companies in their operational processes.

Diagonal reference models are especially suited for the estimation of effects of movements across levels of categorical variables like education or social class. In social stratification, it enables us to estimate the weight of origen and destination. Their use is straightforward with DRM in Stata and the function Dref of gnm in R. However, I am working with a dataset with 30 countries and I would like to model those weights as random effects. I haven't find a multilevel extension of DRM or a workaround. Any idea?

What programs do you recommend for a comparative analysis of shotgun(LC-MS/MS) metaproteomes?

To compare control vs treatment and various cellular compartments

Hi, we are researching a Comparative Analysis between Personality Traits among Career Interests and Self- determination. We've been trying so hard to find a related literature for personality traits and self-determination. Unfortunately, we still can't find one and we need it. I hope that you can help us thank you so much

Hello everyone,

I want to do a comparative analysis with an ANOVA, but my dependent variable is measured with a 5 point Likert scale. I am not sure if I can use ANOVA, as some people point out that it can be used because we treat the variable as continuous, but others recommend against it since it is ordinal.

Could you recommend me articles that justify the use of ANOVA with dependent variables measured with likert scales.

Thank you.

These questions explore the distinctions between SmartPLS and AMOS in terms of their statistical methods, modeling capabilities, treatment of data, and user experience. It is essential to understand these differences to make informed decisions about which software tool is best suited for specific research projects and objectives. Researchers can use these questions as a starting point to delve deeper into the comparative analysis of SmartPLS and AMOS for their individual research needs.

Hello everyone, I hope you can help me with the statistical interpretation of Bland-Altman plots. We validated a diagnostic test for the IgM-NS1 dengue-specific ELISA assay (In-house) against three commercial ELISA kits for IgM dengue-specific (EUROIMMUNE, VIRION, PAN BIO). We conducted a comparative analysis based on the ROC curve, but the reviewers have asked us to present the comparative analysis using Bland-Altman plots (Figure 1: Euroimmune and In-house, Figure 2: Virion and In-house, Figure 3: Pan Bio and In-house). Unfortunately, I lack sufficient knowledge about this type of analysis, and we don't have a statistical expert on our team. From the images, we observed a skew in all three analyses. However, we would like to argue to the reviewers that the measurement values in the commercial ELISA kits differ from our in-house method because the former employs arbitrary values to determine positive or negative results, whereas the latter utilizes absolute optical density. Therefore, we suggest that this type of analysis should not be used in our comparative methods analysis. What are your thoughts on the graphics? And what suggestions do you have for our next steps?

I need more information about sherd analysis that belongs to the St. Johns Series, the spiculae sponge resources origin in Florida, the possibility of establishing a comparative analysis of these temper components in St Johns pottery samples from North Florida with South Florida, and the possible connection with other different geographic areas in the US.

Illustrate the comparative analysis of VAN Method, Poison Regression or any other methods available?

Good day! I have a list (~10000) of unique DNA sequences about 10-20 bp.

I want to find out if they could evolve from one or several sequences, or emerged independently.

Some of the sequences have similar motifs and could be aligned, others haven't at all - so I can't just perform MSA and make a tree - the distance matrix contains many NAs.

I've tried using principal components analysis on k-mers (1-4) frequencies but it gives me nothing - the frequencies form one dense cloud of points with PC1 that have only ~4% explained variance.

And I found that universalmotif R package is capable of performing similar analysis using motif_comparison(), so I converted the sequences into sequence motif format (one for each), but when tried it on a short set of data - found that the algorithm works in a very strange way on list of motifs created each from only one sequence. Different methods gives the same result (added tree to the question) - the sequences that are different are placed near instead of sequences that are someway similar...

How do education policies reflect the state's concerns about multicultural dynamics in school and in what ways is multilingualism a component of national education strategies? As the school is a microcosm where social realities are experienced by the school community, the issue of multiculturalism can relate to multilingualism and have immediate reflections on learning or learning poverty. In this sense, what strategies have been taken by governments and what has been studied on this topic? I appreciate suggestions for publications that might be of interest in a study on this topic. Best regards, Rooney Pinto.

Hello everyone.

I'm conducting a research in which I have pre-test and post-test data. First, I measured the number of subscribers of a service in the first period (pre-test). Second, I measured the number of subscribers of the same service in a second period (post-test). Between the pre-test and the post-test, consumers were shown a stimulus that could have changed their intention of being subscribers of the service. I used 2 types of stimulus, one about time (week and month) and the other about the method (method 1 and method 2). I have also the pre-test and post-test of the number of users who use the service but are not the owners of the subscription.

I have performed a McNemar test to compare if there are differences between the number of subscribers before and after each type of stimulus. That is, one McNemar test to measure differences in weekly time pressure, one for monthly pressure, and two more: one for method 1 and one for method 2. For all of them, I have significant results.

I have also calculated the percentages of decrease in the number of subscribers for each stimulus. For example, by pressing weekly the number of subscribers drops by 7%. In the case of users who use the service but are not the owners of the subscription the decrese is 54%. I intend to define which stimulus produces a greater decrease and in which type of users.

I think that maybe this analysis is poor for academic research, and I want also to compare the percentages of decrease in subscriptions with the percentage of decrease of users that use the service but aren't the owner of the suscription for each type of stimulus.

Can you please recommend me another type of analysis?

Maybe some analysis to measure if there are differences when doing a weekly and monthly pressure (or method 1 and method 2) between subscribers and users who use the service but are not the owners of the subscription. I mean using the two groups of users, the two times pressures or the two methods pressures, and the pretest and posttest.

Thank you very much.

Diana

I need some MATLAB codes for LBP variants for comparative analysis in my research work. Anyone who work on it please share with me.

Please share the link

Hello guys,

I read some nice articles explain the MSDO-MDSO for reducing number of conditions used within qualitative-comparative analysis. However, all of them lack the explanation for interpretation of tables created at the fourth phase of analysis - identification of relevant causal conditions - Outstanding pairs

The results were generated through online MSDO-MDSO software: version 1.1 - spring 2015 (jchr.be), available at the website https://compasss.org/software/

Thank you in advance!

I'll create a paper with the main research question:

1-What are the elements of design that attract the Australian audience to online newspapers?

The relevant sub-questions are as follows:

A-To what extent are Australian online newspapers differ in their design?

for this question, I'll employ the comparative analysis for analysis of the front page design to two different types of online newspapers

( online newspapers which have a print version and the

ones which stand-alone)

B-How does user experience differ between different online newspaper styles?

I"ll employ a Qualitative UX test (the users will engage in experiencing to browse two types of these online newspapers and doing the usability test meanwhile the screen will record and the "thinking aloud " protocol will also apply) after the Ux test, the users will be interviewed >

for summaries of the process :

First phase: a quantitive comparative analysis

Second phase: Qualitative UX ( usability test ( screen record + thinking aloud ) after that the interviews)

What kind of mixed method is this?

The main goal of the research paper is to review the application of new learning technologies in African and European countries that face crises! There is a draft that needs to be revised and updated!

Please, if you're interested to cooperate, write to me privately!

Best

What are the best theories and theoretical frame work to be employed when researching on "Comparative Analysis"

The application of multilevel regression models has become common practice in the field of social sciences. Multilevel regression models take into account that observations on individual respondents are nested within higher-level groups such as schools, classrooms, states, and countries.

In the application of multilevel models in country-comparative studies, however, it has long been overlooked that on the country-level only a limited number of observations are available. As a result, measurements on single countries can easily influence the regression outcomes.

Diagnostic tools for detecting influential data in multilevel regression are becoming available, but what are your experiences with influential cases in country-comparative (multilevel) studies? How do you deal with influential cases if you encounter them?

I'm researching on the comparative analysis of the different waste-based innovations in the Philippines but the existing materials do not have information on its thermal properties. Is there any testing center in the Philippines that specializes in testing for thermal properties or maybe thermal comfort?

A study which wants to compare the perception of employees (sample) of Organization A and employees of Organization B about facilities provided by both the organizations.

The study will try to find and compare the differences of facilities provided by Org. A and Org. B

Which tools will be appropriate to compare the perception of the employees of A and B?

Hello, I am using CDOCKER of BIOVIA Discovery studios for Molecular Docking. I need to compare the binding affinity of small molecules to my protein target. I am doing a comparative analysis. My small molecule has a CDOCKER score of -3. I am trying to find better binding molecules than this molecule. I have my CDOCKER scores of positive (For ex.65, 79, etc) and negative values (For ex. -11,-35, etc). I need help in analyzing the binding based on scores. I have read that the high score value determines high binding affinity. Should I consider high positive value or high negative value as high binding affinity? what does the negative sign indicate? Need help on this.

Thank you in advance

Comparative analysis

I did RNA-seq of control, heat stress, and heat stress + Vitamin C samples. Can I present/do only heat stress + Vitamin C analysis for my objective/article?

focus on indirect field oriented control

math lab simulation little description

result analysis

I need the relevant legislation on social work/ benefits for the disabled people for a comparative analysis accross EU Member States

-ELISA is used to determine protein release in the supernatant bathing medium, after a given period of time.

-qRT-PCR is used to determine gene expression at real time after a given period of time.

-If we have an experiment that aims to determine the effect of drug X on the gene expression and protein release of IL-6 in a given cell type, after 3,6 and 9 hours.

ELISA data:

As protein accumulate in the bathing media over time:-

3h: 10 mg/dl

6h: (3h)+ 6 mg/dl =16 mg/dl

9h: (6h) + 4 mg/dl = 20 mg/dl

qPCR data:

3h: 10 fold change

6h: 6 fold change

9h: 4 fold change

How would the data from qRT-PCR and ELISA be compared when we have at 9h down regulation of gene expression of IL-6 BUT “a false positive“ increase in protein release due to accumulation over time?

The problem I'm trying to solve is this:

I have a time series of stock returns of 3000 data points. I break it down into 2976 overlapping sequences of 24 data points each using the sliding window approach, each time moving one step. I feed the 2976 sequences to a GAN to generated synthetic time series, and the GAN generates another 2976 synthetic sequences by learning the original distribution. So far so good. Now from the 2976 overlapping sequences I need to produce a time series of size 3000 to do comparative analysis between the original distribution and the generated one, such as measure KL divergence and so on. Is there a technique or method I can use to "unwind" the synthetic sequences back into a normal time series?

Comparative analysis of NPAs of Public sector banks and Private sector banks in India.

(My research is about development of FR intumescent coating by addition of additives, my goal is to have a more thermal resistive sample than the controlled sample without neglecting the time(aim: lesser average temp or better "temperature vs time" relationship( negatively related)). I performed a horizontal burner fire test for 8 different samples, recording the temperatures in 1 hour per minute from each samples.What statistical tool/method do I use the data gathered( time vs temp) to conculde that sample a is better than the controlled sample? I am not quite sure to use correlation and not knowledgeable enough to other tests thank you.

Comparative analysis of public sector and private sector banks.

I need to compare the human gut microbes with human to identify functional genome similarity. Is there any online tool for comparing the genome between different species?

The only interpretation of the Bayes Factor calculated using the output of BayesTraits is this:

<2 Weak evidence

>2 Positive evidence

5-10 Strong evidence

>10 Very strong evidence

Is there a reason why Bayes Factor won't get a negative value?

Also, is a Bayes Factor value that provides 'negative' evidence, because they way I see, weak evidence is still evidence in favour of the dependent model, but not strong enough. Or is this not the case?

Many thanks in advance!

Hi, I am analyzing a regression evaluating litter size and a number of covariates for multiple taxa so I need to take phylogeny into account. I have multiple entries for some of the species (for instance latitude is quite variable for some species so I need multiple entries to take that variation into account). However, I realize that may create a problem with my analysis. I am able to run the data without a problem in nlme using the gls function but I'm not sure if that is ok with having multiple entries for the same species.

pglsModel <- gls(littersize ~ lat, correlation = corBrownian(phy = tree, form=~Species),

data = data, method = "ML")

Furthermore, I have attempted to use pgls.SEy in the phytools package but that does not seem to run as I get the following error: Error in na.fail.default(list(vf = c(64488.9418569458, 64488.9409710521, : missing values in object

fit<-pgls.SEy(littersize ~ absLat, data=data, corClass=corBrownian, tree=tree,

se=NULL, method=c("ML"))

I have read that some folks have suggested that with multiple specimens in a species you need to run a MCMCglmm but I don't have multiple values for every species so I don't think I can really run this type of analysis (furthermore I typically only have a few entries per species so I don't know if that is enough either).

I am knew to including phylogenetic trees into data analysis so any suggestions of help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks

Dear All,

I am struggling with a constant problem with a csv extension while preparing data for MuSSE model analysis: have tried to do a bunch of stuff to fix a problem but no success - always the same thing ("All names must be length 1"). I would very grateful for your help! :)

library(diversitree) dat="MuSSE_hosts.csv" dat<- read.table("MuSSE_hosts.csv", header=TRUE, dec=".", sep=",", row.names=1) mat <- dat[,2:ncol(dat)] lik.0 <- make.musse.multitrait(tree, mat, depth=0) Error in check.states.musse.multitrait(tree, states, strict = strict, : All names must be length 1

Thank you a lot in advance!

I have collected data through an online survey and presented it with frequency distribution. I have gathered results from two groups. one is entrepreneurs another is NGO. I discussed the result from both groups. Now I want to do a comparative analysis of both groups where I want to discuss the major similarity, significant findings, what entrepreneurs expected? what NGO served?

In that case, do I have to use any secondary sources in the comparative analysis part? I meant I already used secondary sources in the discussion part. In a comparative analysis, I am just highlighting major differences, similarities.

Any suggestion will be highly appreciated.

Thanks.

I have conducted grounded theory research via mixed methods approach. The study was conducted in two phases. First phase was purely grounded and so ended up while developing core categories and base themes. In second phase, I constructed hypothesis from core categories and conducted a survey to validate my qualitative base themes. The comparative analysis of qulitative and quantitative data ended up in emergence of sub-themes. Now to construct final substantive theory, I have created a causal model (via subjective interpretation), showing interdependency and connectivity between sub-themes.

Thanks in Advance!

Hi all,

I have generated two gene expression curves by measuring bioluminescence every 10 mins for 12 hrs. These curves tend to overlap at at some time points, while a difference can be seen at other time points. What is the best way to statistically analyze the curves and differences (if any)?

Thanks,

Hello everyone here, I am researching about the protected areas' effectiveness assessment,

My question is for example one protected area is built in year 2001, with MOD13Q1 data available since year 2000, how to better translate the effectiveness of 'protected area'? I know one of the method can be done that is the comparative analysis of 'before protected' and 'after protected', like: 2000-2001----before protected, 2001-2019: after protected, but for 'before protected' the length of time is just one year and this result is not objective enough. I want to know is there any good solutions to resolve this problem of the extremely short former period: 'before protected', is there any way or mainstream method to substitute this unreliable method?

I have a protected area which is built in year1985, now I have the Landsat yearly composite data starting from year 1984 but this protected area is hard to convince it's protection because 'before protected' is still with just one year difference.

Structural break in time series maybe would be of help, but how can I attain the 'before and after' built-up time for researching?

Hi guys, I'm currently will be doing comparative genome analysis of human coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). I will be including strains of each human coronaviruses (along with their reference sequences as well) for my project for multiple sequence alignment. So far from what I knew is that the human coronaviruses strains are not that much, except SARS-CoV-2 strains which have over 10k+ now and I'm not capable to handle that many sequences, so may I ask how do I select the important strains of SARS-CoV-2 only?

I'm lost on how to retrieve sequences for important SARS-CoV-2 strains. For extra information, all the retrieved sequences will be running multiple sequence alignment to identify the patterns and differences among the aligned sequences.

Any recommendations and opinions will be appreciated. Thank you.

Hello

I am looking for studies in Education that use the technique of analysis networks (comparative analysis).

Do you have references?

Thanks for your help

ROC/AUC

Vulnerability

Groundwater

Machine learning

Respected Scholar,

I am doing comparative analysis of dual banking system in Pakistan.in both model endogenity problem exist.

In one banking system N is larger than T. on the other banking system T is larger than N.in that case which model can apply to tackle endogenity issue.

time is 11 year for both banking system.

I am planning to make a comparative policy analysis among India, the Philippines and Nepal. However, not much confident because of their dissimilarities in terms of population, economy and political system. Is it still possible to do comparative policy analysis?

They are already known numerous advantages of the cluster economy but we need to look also on the disadvantages.

My starting point is that, in one particular country, there is no cluster(s) developed at all and therefore initiative and finance should be made from the government at the beginning.

What are the biggest obstacles to develop the cluster(s)??

On the other hand, in another country, there is a specialized, developed cluster(s). Initiative and finance are done, in the majority, by the companies inside the cluster. What could be the disadvantages of these clusters?

I think your participation in this discussion will help us all to better understand the strength and importance of the cluster economy.

What are best tools available for bacterial genomics?

I am trying to analyse bacteria genomes and do a comparative analysis. It will be really helpful if someone can suggest tools availability and resources available for learning.

I was wondering if anyone could advise me on the stat approach the match two independent samples. I am using a comparative design, but I need to match the two samples on key demographics (5-6 variables).

What is the best statistical procedure to do this?

Does anyone have any suggestions of methodological literature?

Thanks.

I am doing research on comparative analysis of ID based cryptographic protocols like ElGamal, RSA, DSA etc. How can compare these protocols with the properties without doing any objective experiment?

Dear Ladies and Gentleman,

I have a question regarding to select a theoretical framework for conducting a study on comparative analysis on the challenges of Women research participation at higher institutions. Thus, what kind of theoretical framework is suitable for this study? Therefore, I would be very grateful if I get your suggestion on it?

Thank you for your response in advance.

Tewodros

I am researching in the field of NLP (Natural Language Processing) algorithms trying to compare different approaches: i.e. pure ML/statistical algorithms, neural networks, pattern analysis, fractal science and semantic approaches.

I wonder if an extensive comparative analysis has been conducted yet. I was able to find some white papers of some companies (e.g. https://expertsystem.com/white-paper-semantic-technology-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/) that are working in this field but I would like to receive some material that has been published on academic journals.

Many thanks!

Should you need further info, let me know.

More precisely, I am looking for any methods, approaches, modeling techniques, etc., that can comparatively analysis two (or more) business or technology approaches.

I am a stats novice so need everything to be kept simple, thanks!

I am trying to prove there is some kind of statistical difference between two separate sets of data.

I have reviewed 56 slides in each group against 24 qualitative categories

This gives a value (out of 56) for each group and each category and then want to compare the 2 groups to see if there is a difference.

Kind of like a independent t-test but I don't have a mean or variance because the category is either present or not.

The values are attached below, this only for an internal project so the stats can basic and nothing too technical.

My doctoral thesis focused on education and child labor in Ivory Coast. I would like you to have a comparative analysis between our two countries at the end of your project.

I have a very good parsimonious solution with 4 solution terms with appropriate consistency and coverage values. However, the intermediate solution has only 3 solution terms i.e. some parsimonious terms overlap making it hard to interpret.

Can I ignore the intermediate solution and interpret only the parsimonious solution?

Are there any good reference papers that can elaborate and justify the decision?

Thank You

In my new project i want to compare analysis results of cylindrical shell by using flat shell elements and then by curved shell elements..But i do not know where i can model curved shell elements. Please help. Thanks in advance

In my research for my PhD, I seek to investigate the relationship between ISIS and Ibn Taymiyyah as a representative of Salafism through the primary sources of ISIS (magazines), and Ibn Taymiyyah's work. This comparison will be based on Ibn Taymiyyah's citations in these magazines. After evaluating these citations, I will examine the common matrix among these citations that will be the concepts of our work. So, my work will take those concepts into account (let's say 3 or 4 concepts, and each one could be a chapter). However, I am still thinking which theory (or theories ) could be applied in my research? In my work, I will look at the interpretations of the Islamic state of these concepts and compare them with the arguments of Ibn Taymiyah to examine out the similarities and differences between the two interpretations. So, I have some questions regarding this: 1- Is it the right way to make this comparison? 2- Do I need a theory (or theories ) to be applied? I welcome any suggestions.

Which softwares are the best for this work? What is the maximum no of genomes a software can allow me to compare together? Is there any smart way to do this? Like maybe, some big data analytical or data science related approaches to go about the same?

Kindly help me with this by providing your inputs. This is a college project.

Thank you

I'm doing a remote-sensing-based comparative analysis. I know that there are plenty of forests that have been hunted but not industrially logged. But small-scale (often illegal) logging is almost as widespread as hunting. Does anyone know of tropical forest areas that are (or have been) hunted, but where it's verifiable that there has not been any recent, even small-scale, logging?

I worked with secondary data which covered a macro scope (a country) and i would like to do a regression to see which parameters that most affect the independent variable, in this case there are proximately 20 parameters. the paramaters are aggregated in

1. individual context (proximate determinant),

2. households context, and

3. region context.

Which paramaters contains nominal, rasio, and ordinal data.

i'd perform analysis that geografically based (like the Geografically Weighted Regression) but with the aggregation that i made and the type of data that also diverse, what will be the best analysis that i could do?

I have two separate groups which are asked under different conditions to sort a list of items in terms of preference(building a hierarchy). The total number of items is 5 and the data is categorical(nominal).I want to do a comparative analysis between the two hierarchies and measure how significantly they differ form each other. What analysis should i use?

I am working on Biodiversity of Micro algae across the districts of Tamil Nadu. I have data on the number of species from each class and it varies among districts covered, but I find it difficult to compile the data using statistics for comparative analysis. Would be very helpful if anyone can help me with bio statistics.

For my research I am looking at publications by military and government sources regarding dehumanization in the Rohingya conflict using Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis approach.

It is unclear to me whether I should include secondary sources, such independent newspaper articles or the report by the UN fact-finding mission, and if so, how. Fairclough seems to indirectly advocate for the necessity to do so (see below) in order to detect inclusions/exclusions or prominence/marginalization. The how question is basically the following: How do I need to analyze secondary sources in order to ensure a robust discourse analysis of my primary sources?

While he seems to say that we should see takes in secondary sources only as another representation, it is unclear to me whether that implies I need to do another whole discourse analysis or if it suffices to e.g. simply mention some "facts" from the report left out of the military take on an event. Or is there some (analytical/methodological) approach between these two extremes that captures their role as secondary/baseline sources? I haven't found other papers with similar methodological approaches

What Fairclough writes on the matter:

Especially with regard to representations of events, he, for example, mentions paradigmatic relations, relations of choice between what is present and what could have been present but is not ("significant absences"). There is also the following quote from Analyzing Discourse (2003):

“We can look at texts from a Representational point of view in terms of which elements of events are included in the representation of those events and which are excluded, and which of the elements that are included are given the greatest prominence or salience. Rather than seeing such a procedure as comparing the truth about an event with how it is represented in particular texts (which raises problems about how one establishes the truth independently of particular representations), one can see it in terms of comparison between different representations of the same or broadly similar events (see Van Leeuwen 1993, 1995, 1996 for such an approach to Representational meaning)”.

In order to complete a survey on the role and impact of iconographic supports in French Language of Integration textbooks for migrants arriving in France, I intend to ask questions directly to the learners concerned.

The aim being to see if the images choosen for these textbooks are used (by the teachers and the learners), if they are pertinent and effective and what cultural messages they are carrying.

I would also appreciate to compare the analysis I'm doing on iconographic supports in french textbooks with other foreign language textbooks especially made for migrants.