Yan Chai Hum

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Verified

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• PhD in Engineering (Medical Imaging)
• Associate Professor at Tunku Abdul Rahman University

The global histogram equalization (HE) has been the most frequently adopted image contrast enhancement technique. A brightness and detail-preserving HE method with good contrast enhancement effect has been a goal of much recent research in HE. Nevertheless, producing a well-balanced HE is deemed to be a daunting task. In this article, we propose a...

Segmentation is the most crucial part in the computer-aided bone age assessment. A well-known type of segmentation performed in the system is adaptive segmentation. While providing better result than global thresholding method, the adaptive segmentation produces a lot of unwanted noise that could affect the latter process of epiphysis extraction. A...

Background The high variations of background luminance, low contrast and excessively enhanced contrast of hand bone radiograph often impede the bone age assessment rating system in evaluating the degree of epiphyseal plates and ossification centers development. The Global Histogram equalization (GHE) has been the most frequently adopted image contr...

Accurate characterization of silicon microstructures is essential for advancing microscale fabrication, quality control, and device performance. Traditional analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) often requires labor-intensive, manual evaluation of feature geometry, limiting throughput and reproducibility. In this study, we propose SiMiC...

Image captioning is essential in many fields including assisting visually impaired individuals, improving content management systems, and enhancing human-computer interaction. However, a recent challenge in this domain is dealing with low-resolution image (LRI). While performance can be improved by using larger models like transformers for encoding...

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. This research introduces a novel "Prompting-in-a-Series" algorithm, termed PICEPR (Psychology-Informed Contents Embeddings for Personality Recognition), featuring two pipelines: (a) Contents and (b) Embeddings. The approach demon...

Enabling personalized interactions and gaining deeper insights into user behavior has become increasingly important for improving human-computer interaction. However, the natural class imbalance in personality datasets, reflecting the real-world distribution of traits where certain personality types are less represented, poses a major challenge for...

Leukemia is among the leading causes of death globally, and early detection is critical. Current manual diagnostic methods, reliant on expert examination, are time-consuming and costly. They are also error-prone, particularly with less experienced practitioners. This study contributes to addressing these challenges by presenting an automated approa...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health burden, where early and accurate diagnosis is vital to improving patient outcomes. However, the structural complexity of CRC histopathological images renders manual analysis time-consuming and error-prone. This study aims to develop an automated deep learning framework that enhances classifi...

One of the fastest-growing domains in AI is healthcare. Given its importance, it has been the interest of many researchers to deploy ML models into the ever-demanding healthcare domain to aid doctors and increase accessibility. Delivering reliable models, however, demands a sizable amount of data, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic served as a remind...

This paper presents a novel approach to natural language understanding, integrating personality and emotion-aware features for sentiment analysis and depression detection. This research aims to enhance the performance of natural language understanding tasks, specifically sentiment analysis and depression detection, while also promoting explainabili...

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of non-enhanced CT radiomics in preoperatively differentiating early-stage (T1–T2) from locally advanced (T3–T4) colon cancer, addressing the limitations of conventional empirical staging. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 170 patients with surgically confirmed primary colon cancer who underwe...

The widespread adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones has introduced significant security and privacy challenges, particularly concerning unauthorized drone activities near sensitive areas. To address these concerns, we propose a novel drone detection model, WRN-YOLO, which integrates the Wide Residual Network (WRN) architecture with...

This review delves into the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a cutting-edge imaging method for non-invasive biochemical mapping. CEST MRI faces many technical challenges that hinder its clinical adoption. AI-driven approaches have emerged...

When computer vision techniques are used to identify humans in public places, the presence of cartoon characters can often result in false detections as humans, complicating the task of human recognition and hindering the application of such technology in public. This paper aims to minimize the false detection rate by retraining the pretrained huma...

Background: Cancer is a major global health threat, constantly endangering people's well-being and lives. The application of deep learning in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer can improve early detection rates, thereby significantly reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer patients. Our study aims to optimize the performance of d...

The development of motorised bionic arms has been a significant focus in prosthetics. This study explored the design and implementation of a motorised bionic arm, with particular emphasis on enhanced hand gesture accuracy and reliability. Initially, the functional circuit and algorithm were designed, followed by the development of a motorised frame...

Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide and a great number of fatal falls are from the elderly population. Turning activity is a major contributor to fall in elderly. Most geriatrics suffering from turning difficulty complain of fall incidences. Fall from turning usually result in fracture of femur...

Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease associated with substantial individual and societal burden. It includes complex phyco-physiological conditions and can be recognized by compulsive and harmful behaviors towards a substance or activity, despite negative consequences or “bio-psycho-social-spiritual” disorder. This paper aims to comprehen...

The quantitative analysis of pulsed-chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) using a full model-based method is computationally challenging, as it involves dealing with varying RF values in pulsed saturation. A power equivalent continuous approximation of B1 power was usually applied to accelerate the analysis. In line with recent consensus rec...

The development of motorized bionic arms has been a significant focus in prosthetics. This study explored the design and implementation of a motorized bionic arm, emphasizing enhanced hand gesture accuracy and reliability. Initially, the functional circuit and algorithm were designed, followed by the development of a motorized framework to control...

This study leveraged the power of multi-phase CT radiomics, which extracts detailed features from multi-phase images, to explore the distinction between early (T1-T2) and advanced (T3-T4) colon cancer stages in each of multiple phases, providing valuable insights to healthcare professionals and enhancing their decision-making capabilities. A total...

This project employs artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, to assess COVID-19 readmission risk in Malaysia. It offers tools to mitigate healthcare resource strain and enhance patient outcomes. This study outlines a methodology for classifying COVID-19 readmissions. It starts with dataset description and pre-processi...

This paper addresses the critical need for advanced real-time vehicle detection methodologies in Vehicle Intelligence Systems (VIS), especially in the context of using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for data acquisition in severe weather conditions, such as heavy snowfall typical of the Nordic region. Traditional vehicle detection techniques, whic...

Leg health is an important consideration in a person’s overall well-being, and knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the problems that reduces leg health. Thermotherapy therapy has long been recognized as one of the methods for treating knee OA pain. This study recruited 30 subjects with OA (aged 45–80, height of 155–175[Formula: see text]cm, weight o...

The visual microphone is a technique for remote sound recovery that extracts sound information from tiny pixel‐scale vibrations in a video. Despite having demonstrated success in sound recovery, the impact of various visual enhancement and color conversion algorithms applied on the video before the sound recovery process has not been explored. Thus...

Early detection of knee osteoarthritis is crucial because the damage in the knee joint is irreversible at the advanced stage. Medical images such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging plays an important role in knee osteoarthritis diagnosis as it provides excellent visualization of the osteoarthritis imaging biomarkers. Current clinical practice relies on...

In 2020, approximately 19.3 million new cancer cases were diagnosed globally, leading to nearly 10 million cancer-related deaths. Among women, breast cancer has emerged as the most prevalent type, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases reported annually.

Background When an ischemic stroke happens, it triggers a complex signalling cascade that may eventually lead to neuronal cell death if no reperfusion. Recently, the relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement effect at −1.6 ppm [NOE(−1.6 ppm)] has been postulated may allow for a more in-depth analysis of the ischemic injury. This study assessed the pot...

Debates persist regarding the impact of Stain Normalization (SN) on recent breast cancer histopathological studies. While some studies propose no influence on classification outcomes, others argue for improvement. This study aims to assess the efficacy of SN in breast cancer histopathological classification, specifically focusing on Invasive Ductal...

Coloring manga sketches is challenging due to the wide gap between the meaning of color and sketches. Unlike Western comics, Japanese manga sketch does not provide color, rather they are in binary form using a screening technique. These styles differ in how regions are filled, but converting between them is a difficult task that is typically done m...

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are used in several applications of underrepresented domains. The GAN’s ability to generate data without explicitly modeling the probability distribution enables the synthesis of unlabeled samples and effectively imposes a higher-order consistency. Medical data is costly to aggregate and, in many cases, can ri...

Managing unforeseen situations, particularly in low-visibility environments caused by weather degradation, continues to be a significant challenge for the autonomous driving vision system. This paper aims to enhance the visibility of degraded images captured by the system's sensors by removing haze. To achieve this goal, we propose an algorithm tha...

Background Renal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and early detection of renal cancer can significantly improve the patients’ survival rate. However, the manual analysis of renal tissue in the current clinical practices is labor-intensive, prone to inter-pathologist variations and easy to miss the important ca...

The rising diversity, volume, and pace of fashion manufacturing pose a considerable challenge in the fashion industry, making it difficult for customers to pick which product to purchase. In addition, fashion is an inherently subjective, cultural notion and an ensemble of clothing items that maintains a coherent style. In most of the domains in whi...

Human knee structure is commonly viewed using medical images extensively in medical studies and professions. The visualisation of the knee has been improved, and the anatomical structure and physiological processes. The research community uses theoretical and practical approaches to diagnose and treat medical problems related to the human knee. Mor...

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, underscoring the need for early detection to improve patient survival rates. The current clinical gold standard for detection is histopathological image analysis, but this process is manual, laborious, and time-consuming. As a result, there has been growing interest in developing...

Vehicle detection in real-time scenarios is challenging because of the time constraints and the presence of multiple types of vehicles with different speeds, shapes, structures, etc. This paper presents a new method relied on generating a confidence map-for robust and faster vehicle detection. To reduce the adverse effect of different speeds, shape...

Oil palm is a key agricultural resource in Malaysia. However, palm disease, most prominently basal stem rot caused at least RM 255 million of annual economic loss. Basal stem rot is caused by a fungus known as Ganoderma boninense. An infected tree shows few symptoms during early stage of infection, while potentially suffers an 80% lifetime yield lo...

Diabetic retinopathy is a common eye disease among diabetic patients which is caused by excessive sugar in the blood vessels that damage the retina. Fundus images are retina images that are captured and diagnosed by ophthalmologists. Ophthalmologists diagnose the progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy so that early detection of pre-diabetic ret...

Cardiac health diseases are one of the key causes of death around the globe. The number of heart patients has considerably increased during the pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to assess and analyze the medical and cardiac images. Deep learning architectures, specifically convolutional neural networks have profoundly become the primary choice for...

The segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) is one of the fundamental procedures that must be performed to obtain quantitative measures of the heart, such as its volume, area, and ejection fraction. In clinical practice, the delineation of LV is still often conducted semi-automatically, leaving it open to operator subjectivity. The automatic LV seg...

Palm oil industry is an important economic resource for Malaysia. However, an oil palm tree disease called Basal Stem Rot has impeded the production of palm oil, which caused significant economic loss at the same time. The oil palm tree disease is caused by a fungus known as Ganoderma Boninense . Infected trees often have little to no symptoms du...

Cancer is a leading global cause of death. Histopathology image analysis is widely recognized as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, playing a crucial role in early detection and reducing mortality rates. However, this diagnostic task is performed manually by pathologists, leading to high human errors and variabilities due to the huge number of...

Computer-aided Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) grading classification systems based on deep learning have shown that deep learning may achieve reliable accuracy in IDC grade classification using histopathology images. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive performance comparisons of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designs on IDC in the lite...

Infrared Hyperthermia therapy (IHT) is a non-contacting method to elevate body temperature and treat malignant lesions such as breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the major cancer types among females and over the years, its prevalence is increasing. Current treatments of breast cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and thermotherapy via...

One of the primary factors contributing to death across all age groups is cardiovascular disease. In the analysis of heart function, analyzing the left ventricle (LV) from 2D echocardiographic images is a common medical procedure for heart patients. Consistent and accurate segmentation of the LV exerts significant impact on the understanding of the...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurological disorder that affects the vast majority of dementia cases, leading patients to experience gradual memory loss and cognitive function decline. Despite the lack of a cure, early detection of Alzheimer’s disease permits the provision of preventive medication to slow the disease’s progression. Th...

Recent studies show that dental caries affect more than half of the adult population globally, with the socially disadvantaged groups being majorly affected. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LiBS) as a method of early caries screening in adults through the detection of caries...

Readmission manifests signs of degraded quality of care and increased healthcare cost. Such adverse event may be attributed to premature discharge, unsuccessful treatments, or worsening comorbidities. Predictive modeling provides useful information to identify patients at a higher risk for readmission for targeted interventions. Though many studies...

Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) is one of the modalities in intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) which has been used in spine surgeries to prevent motor function injuries. Studies have shown that improvement to TcMEP could be a potential prognostic information on the actual improvement to the patient after surgery. There is no objectiv...

Image contrast enhancement refers to an operation of remapping the pixels’ values of an image to emphasize desired information in the image. In this work, we propose a novel pixel-based (local) contrast enhancement algorithm, based on the human visual perception. First, we make an observation that pixels with lower regional contrast should be ampli...

Local Hyperthermia treatment (LHT) holds great promise as an adjuvant method in combating breast cancer. In LHT treatment, cancerous tissue is exposed to supraphysiological temperature in order to destroy the tissue directly or improve their susceptibility to other treatment regimes. To observe the progression of tissue necrosis during LHT treatmen...

Human motion analysis is fundamental in many real applications such as surveillance and monitoring, human-machine interface, medical motion analysis and diagnosis. With the increasing amount of data in biomechanics research, it is becoming increasingly important to automatically analyse and understand object motions from large amount of footage and...

Osteoarthritis (OA), especially knee OA, is the most common form of arthritis, causing significant disability in patients worldwide. Manual diagnosis, segmentation, and annotations of knee joints remain as the popular method to diagnose OA in clinical practices, although they are tedious and greatly subject to user variation. Therefore, to overcome...

Spine surgeries impose risk to the spine’s surrounding anatomical and physiological structures especially the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a technology developed to monitor the integrity of the spinal cord and the nerve roots via the surgery. Transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) (one of the IONM m...

Hospital readmission shortly after discharge threatens the quality of patient care and leads to increased medical care costs. In the United States, hospitals with high readmission rates are subject to federal financial penalties. This concern calls for incentives for healthcare facilities to reduce their readmission rates by predicting patients who...

Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a pH-sensitive imaging technique that can potentially complement existing clinical imaging protocol for the assessment of ischemic stroke. This review aims to summarize the developments in the clinical research of APT imaging of ischemic stroke after 17 years of progress since its firs...

A computerized bone age assessment requires segmentation of the X-ray carpal bones from other undesired tissue regions. This paper presents segmentation and area measurement of carpal bones in X-ray images. The locally weighted K-means variational level set was applied in segmenting 67 X-ray carpal bone datasets. Dice coefficient and Hausdorff dist...

Early detection of malignant skin lesions improves patient survival rates. Conventional self-detection method for public invariably suffers from limitations: subjectivity, inaccuracy, and expert dependent variability. Therefore, this study presents a detailed development workflow to establish a multimedia-based healthcare systems using computationa...

In recent decades, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have delivered promising results in vision-related tasks across different domains. Previous studies have introduced deeper network architectures to further improve the performances of object classification, localization, and segmentation. However, this induces the complexity in mapping network...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of knee arthritis which causes significant disability and is threatening to plague patient’s quality of life. Although this chronic condition does not lead to fatality, still there exists no known cure for OA. Diagnosis of OA can be confirmed primarily based on radiographic findings. Being a progressive disease,...

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint inflammation which may lead to disability. Although OA is not lethal, this disease will remarkably affect patient’s mobility and their daily lives. Detecting OA at an early stage allows for early intervention and may slow down disease progression. Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging...

Purpose To assess the correlation and differences between common amide proton transfer (APT) quantification methods in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Methods Five APT quantification methods, including asymmetry analysis and its variants as well as two Lorentzian model‐based methods, were applied to data acquired from six rats that underwent mid...